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Period: to
Key Events
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The bubonic Plague
o Zootomic disease circulating with rodents and fleas
o Without treatment will kill 2-3 people within four days
o Killed 30-60% of European population during the middle ages
o Medieval doctors thought plague was caused by corrupted air
o Plague victims had 50% chance of survival -
The Reformation
o Happened in 16th century
o Split within western Christianity – Protestant reformers and their followers split from the Catholic Church
o Initiated by Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and other Protestant reformers
o Led to creation of new national protestant churches
o Preceeded by Black Death and Western Schism (a period of the Papacy residing in Avignon, France. When papacy returned to Rome, some Frenchmen didn’t like it, and made their own pope to stay in Avignon), which eroded peoples’ faith. -
The council of Trent
o 16th century ecumenical council
o Considered to be one of the church’s most important councils
o Delayed and interrupted several times due to political and religious disputes
o Pope Paul III invoked council
o The Council of Trent was accepted by the Catholic Church
o Called to address the issue of the heresy of Protestantism
o Reiterated the biblical canon
o It called for the introduction of seminaries -
Council of Chalcedon
o Convened by Pope Leo VIII
o Dealt with belief in Christ having just one nature
o Issued edicts to do with Church administration
o Not accepted by the Orthodox Churches -
The Counter-Reformation
o Was a Catholic reformation; preceded by the Council of Trent
o A comprehensive effort of four major elements
Ecclesiastical reconfiguration
Religious orders
Spiritual movements
Political dimensions (Inquisitions – an investigation into incorrect belief)
o A new reformed calendar (Gregorian Calendar) was put into effect
o Important figures such as St Charles Borromeo greatly pushed for this reform as they saw that it was greatly needed. -
The First Vatican Council
o Convened by Pope Leo VIII
o Dealt with belief in Christ having just one nature
o Issued edicts to do with Church administration
o Not accepted by the Orthodox Churches -
Second Vatican Council
o Opened under John XXIII 1962 – 1965 (Closed by Paul VI)
