-
1970s-Discovery learning theory emerges
Constructivist approach: Learners learn by doing
inquiry-based learning
Active participation
Student-centered approach
Problem-solving situation -
1972- Conceptualisation of the Dynabook
Kay's vision of mobile-learning technology and conceptualisation of the Dynabook, a device that would function as the first portable multimedia computer created for learning. It was never created but it was the first step towards the development of what we call MALL. -
1980s-First cell phones and commercial laptops
1980s
First cell phones and commercial laptops become available Image: 1983-MOTOROLA DYNATAC 8000X
Retrieved from http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/05/the-evolution-of-cell-phone-design-between-1983-2009/ -
late 1980s-Classroom Response System (CRS)
Classroom Response System (CRS) are introduced in schools. This technology promotes active and cooperative learning. -
1990s- First web camera web browser and graphic calculator
First web camera web browser and graphic calculator are created. The first web camera ia developed at the University of Cambridge and grabbed images of the only coffee pot available in the department. The software allowed scientists to run the images from the camera on their internal computer network in order to avoid unnecessary trips to the room where the coffee pot was placed, if there was not any coffee. -
1990s- Exploration and definition of the concept of e-learning:
Distinguishing between E-learning and distant learning became important. The definition provided by Tavagarian, Leypold, Nolting and Voigt (2004) explains that e-learning entails "all forms of electronic supported learning and teaching, which are procedural in character and aim to effect the construction of knowledge with reference to individual experience, practice and knowledge of the learner" -
1990s-World Wide Web
WWW becomes part of our daily life.
People started using Windows PCs, Laptop PCs and PDAs more and more. -
1990s- Palm Pilot personal digital assistant
An early model—the PalmPilot Personal
Channel R at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6434814 -
Early 21st century -Evolution of online resources
• Shift ftom static websites to interactive & dynamic
• Shift from viewing only to editing
• Artifacts digitalised
• Social networking
• LMS learning-management systems
• Collaborative synchronous work
• Google docs -
2000s- Wireless PDAs
Wireless PDAs became available but soon PDAs give way to mobile phones -
Tablets
2001 first tablets (laptops with rotating touchscreen) image: Microsoft-tablet pcs (released in 2002) -
HandLer
HandLer, a handheld learning resource device is released -
M-learning becomes an established term
M-learning established as a field which entails characteristics linked to learner-centered pedagogies: Discovery Learning
Constructivist Learning
Constructionist Learning
Problem-based Learning
Socio-constructivist Learning -
Ultra-mobile PCS
Ultra-mobile PCS, which are small form factor versions of a pen computer, are released
image: Wibrain B1 launched by Microsoft and Intel in 2006. -
2010s- Current affordances of mobile devices
Advanced computers
smartphones are basically microcomputers which offer users the opportunity to perform almost any task they would using a computer. Mobile devices offer more opportunities for student-centred learning. • Contingent learning
• Situated learning
• Authentic learning
• Context-aware learning
• Personalised learning (Traxler 2011) -
i-Pad launch
Apple Inc. releases the first iPad which runs the iOS mobile operating system. The iPad includes built-in Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity. It became an extremely popular gadget and around 20 models have been released since then. -
The future of MALL
As mobile technology is constantly and rapidly advancing the possibilities are endless. What Kay envisaged became possible some decades later. Nowadays, an idea can be materialized far more easily. Technology has taken over our lives and educators should use it as a powerful weapon in order to enhance learning.
