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Catharine Beecher 1800-1878
She is the founder of home economics. She wrote 33 different textbooks about women, the household, and how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Beecher and her sister started a school to teach women about a large range of topics because women in the past only learned about fine arts. She wanted to improve these women who attended her school lives with physical education as well. -
Ellen Swallow Richards 1842-1911
Ellen Richards was the first woman to graduate from MIT, and she started the beginnings of the school lunch program. She started the idea of the school lunch program and wanted to improve people's lives by educating them about nutrition and the chemicals in the water. -
Morill Act of 1862
This act "donated public lands to several states and territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. It gave 30,000 acres to each state Federal land for each member that was in the congressional delegation." -
C. F. Langworthy 1864-1932
Langworthy was the co-founder of the Journal of Home Economics, he wrote several books about the chemical composition of food, and wrote a book about food customs in the United States. He also was the first to write about metabolism and conduct metabolic tests. -
Caroline Hunt 1865-1927
She is one of the founders of the Home Economics movement and she attended several Lake Placid conferences. She was a professor in the field of home economics. She believed that these studies can improve women's lives and consume food in an ethical manner. She also conducted studies about the immigrant and ethnic populations that were in Chicago. These were important because they told of how these people were living and their conditions were not good. -
Land Grant Universities in Arkansas
In 1892, there was only one designated university from the Morill Act. This was the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville.
This became "the first state assisted-college in Arkansas. Then, it was known as Arkansas Industrial Academy." -
Ellen Swallow Richards Graduates Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1878
In 1878 Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was admitted as a "special student" because she was a woman and got a chemistry degree. Also, during her time at MIT she created the Women's laboratory and focused on testing water for all of the chemicals and observing what made the water dirty and what was needed to make the water healthier for people to drink. -
W. O. Atawater 1884-1907
Mr. Atawater had a PhD from Yale in Chemistry. This degree allowed him to focus a large amount of his time to write about nutrition and how the body metabolizes food and creates energy. He wrote nutritional information for Ellen Swallow Richards when she opened the Rumford Kitchen, and he also created the Bomb Calorimeter. -
Rumford Kitchen 1893
This event was created by Ellen Swallow Richards. She organized this event in Chicago during the World's Fair. Richards created this event to explain how foods could be prepared in a healthy manner and that they could be prepared in a way that had nutritional value. -
Lake Placid Conferences 1899-1909
In 1909, Ellen Swallow Richards and a large group of women got together to form what would become the American Association of Home Economics. This group wanted to spread the need for women to be educated on how to prepare foods, as well as the nutritional value that was in their foods. Richards also spoke about Art of Right Living. These conferences also helped lay down what should be studied in the field of home economics. -
Smith-Lever Act of 1914
This act created the Cooperative Extension service. This act created a way for programs to be developed to teach rural Americans how to live a better quality of life with agriculture and technology and the improvements that have been made. -
Smith-Hughes Act 1917
This act gave federal funding for those who were teachers of agriculture, home economics, and industrial education. -
Vocational Education Acts of 1963 and 1968
These acts provided funding for vocational education and training of the teachers who teach these classes. This helped because several students were now able to learn different types of job skills that they wouldn't have learned before in a traditional classroom setting. It also removed the Smith-Hughes act. Additionally, the amendment in 1968 increased funding and wanted to include students who may have left school and provided a National advisory committee. -
Comprehensive Employeement and Training Act
This was enacted in 1973 as a governmental program to provide people who did not have a job or those that were at a disadvantage about how to learn how to have a job. This provided job skill trainings for a large number of people. This training would be funded by block grants to state and local governments for Youth Employment and the Job Corps.
1973 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. 30 October 2020. https://w.taskstream.com/ts/blunk1/Unit419621983.html/abf9eu00ahfcfdfffkflfaf6ea -
Vocational Amendment 1976
This was an amendment to the Vocational Education Act that provided specific programs for people with disabilities, and also they wanted to eliminate any bias based upon sex. This act also increased the funding because new programs were being created. Additionally, the programs had to be evaluated every five years. Consumer sciences and homemaking also received separate funding. This also supported females in non-traditional programs. -
American Association of Home Economics changes the name June 1994
In June 1994, the American Association of Home Economics changed the profession to be called Family and Consumer Sciences. I think this was a good idea because it allowed for there to be a large variety of subjects that could be taught with this new name as opposed to just the ones that were taught in the past such as sewing and skills that are used in the home.
Later this year, in August, UCA changed the name of their degree in this field. -
Perkins Act of 2006
This act is responsible for providing federal funding for schools to give grants to teachers who teach in the career and technical education programs. This is beneficial because it allows for these teachers to have funding for their classrooms and provide a variety of different classes that aren't a part of the core subject curriculums. -
References
Arkansas, U. (n.d.). History. Retrieved October 29, 2020, from https://www.uasys.edu/about/history-of-the-university-of-arkansas-system/
Caroline Hunt. (n.d). Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://sohe.wisc.edu/hunt-caroline-1865-1927/
Career and Technical Education Programs. 15 November 2017. 30 October, 2020. https://hsasa.harmonytx.org/career-and-technical-education-programs/
Dr. Sartin's Presentation on October 27, 2020 -
References continued
Ellen H. Swallow Richards (1842–1911). (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/women-scientists/ellen-h-swallow-richards.html
The Smith-Lever Act of 1914. (2014, August 12). Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://www.archivesfoundation.org/documents/smith-lever-act-1914/ -
References continued
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (n.d.). Ellen Swallow Richards. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/community/notable-persons/ellen-swallow-richards/
Vocational Education Act of 1963. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://w.taskstream.com/ts/blunk1/Unit419621983.html/kgzezg00kgzdzizkzpzqzfzbzw
Vocational Education Amendment 1976. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://w.taskstream.com/ts/blunk1/Unit419621983.html/kgzezg00kgzdzizkzpzqzfzbzw
