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21 Demands Handed to China
Japan requests for the matter to be a secret > Achieve aims in CHina without the Western allies knowing > Yuan Shikai did not have much choice due to little defence Demands:
Japan aquires Shandong, Manchuria, Mongolia
Gets mining rights in Yangtze Valley
China cannot lease any harbour or bay to a third party (Prevent USA from entering after the war) -
"National Humiliation Day"
Yuan Shikai accepts the 21 Demands CHINA:
Government tried to impose a news embargo on signing the demands
Students in Tianjin, Shanghai, etc begin to plan protests and strikes JAPAN:
Thousands of students demonstrated in Tokyo
29 students seriousy injured -
Founding of New Youth Magazine
Chen Duxiu founds the New Youth Magazine and attacks Confucianism Hushi – Attacked traditional language Li Dazhao – Promoted Socialist ideas -
New Youth Magazine Extract
The New Youth Magazine wrote in BaiHua (Vernacular Chinese) so that the editorials could be read by the masses and give way to social mobility included:
Social reconstruction
Genuine democracy
Political rights
Practical subjects in schools
Women's rights > Neve heard of before, recognized society as a whole, and respected individuals HuShi "No dead language can produce living literature" "All the best remembered verses (in poetry) were written in the simplest language" -
May 4th Movement (2)
Japanese Legation burned Aimed to achieve national independence, individual emancipation and the creation of a new culture
"China's Territory may be conquered, but it cannot be given away" -
May 4th Movement
1:30pm – 5:45pm ~3,000 students began a patriotic protest march
"Return Qingdao to us"
"Refuse to sign Peace Treaty"
"Boycott Japanese goods" Marched to Cao Rulin's house
Cao was pro-Japanese and negotiated the 21 Demands in 1915
Urged Chinese ractification of the Treaty of Versailles
Cao escaped but student beat up members of his family and friends 32 Students eventually arrested
Led to telegrams of outrage
Sun Yatsen urged them to not punish students for their "patriotic sentiments" -
Period: to
Movement Spreads
Mass demonstrations throughout China
Warlord cabinet resigns
Students have support from the press and the middle class
Sun Yatsen takes part in protest
Japanese goods are boycotted
Schools are closed -
Government bans meetings of students
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Students call for General strike, Boycott Japanese goods
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Strikes Spread to Wuhan and Jinan
Businessmen and workers show support for students -
CCP Founded
Founded by Chen DuXiu and Li Dazhao Organised labour centres, worker's schools, strikes
Chinese Seamen's Union Strike : Union recognition, Increase in pay