Middle ages part 2

Manor

Jan 1, 800

A manor was part of the new feudal system it consisted of Lords housing peasants on there land and for the return of there housing the peasants had to work on the lords land and whatever they did for themselves to survive they had to do the same for the lord. For example if a peasant cut down wood he would then have to either cut some more wood down for the lord or give some of his wood to the lord.

Carruca

Jan 1, 1000

The Carruca was invented around the 1000's and if was a heavy iron plow that was pulled by 8 oxen, this later created a invention to horse shoes since it was a lot easier and cheaper to pull with 3 to 4 horses then 8 oxen.

Guilds

Jan 1, 1073

Guilds where business organizations back in 1200's that consisted apprentices journey mans and the final master piece. You had to go through all these stages to make your own guild or be part opf a guild to get paid and work.

Pope Gregory VII

Jan 1, 1073

Pope Gregory VII was pope in 1073 and fought King Henry IV over lay investiture. Later the Pope excommunicated Henry and Henry asked for forgiveness. after he did this he sent troops to kill the Pope, the Pope escaped and and sooner died later in time.

Cistercians

Jan 1, 1098

The Cistercians was a group lead by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1098. They where found by Benedictine but they where not ordinary monks. They lived in poverty but where really poor religiously because they did not affect anybody decision by them.

100 Years War

Jan 1, 1137

The 100 Years War was from 1337-1453, it was actually 116 years long. This was started by Between King Edward III (England) and King Philip VI (France). The reason they fought was over territory issues. the french army consisted of knight while the England army consisted of peasants that used longbows. Crecy and Agincourt where the 2 major battles of the war.

Pope Innocent III

Jan 1, 1200

Pope Innocent III was in power of the Church in the 1200's which was the high rise of the church. When Pope Innocent III was the Pope he made the interdict which was basically a weapon that did not give people the sacrament of Christ.

Saint Thomas Aquinas

Jan 1, 1200

Saint Thomas Aquinas made the most famous attempt to join reason and faith in the 1200's. He also made the Summa Theologica which is a large volume of his summary of theology.

Gothic Churches

Jan 1, 1250

Gothic Churches where built between the 12 and the 13 century. These churches used pointed arches and ribbed vaults instead of barrel vaults and flying buttresses these where heavy arched support of stone used to support heavy ceilings.

Oxford, England

Jan 1, 1300

Oxford, England was a university that many people went to that left pairs in the 1300's because they wanted to start there own university. This is one of the longest universities that is till standing today that is on earth.

Black death

Jan 1, 1346

Black death was a deadly Bubonic plague around 1346 that killed nearly 75 million people almost 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe's population. This plague was spread by fleas that trialed on rats. The reason the Citizens of Europe got it because they rarely bathed and they had fleas on them so if rats had deadly diseases and they jumped onto another host with fleas it meant death.

Great Schism

Jan 1, 1378

The Great Schism consisted of 2 to 3 popes of Europe at a time in 1378. This caused many problems because the churches didn't know who to follow. Around 1417 this finally gets resolved and a new Pope is elected.