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Tariff of 1828
This tariff was passed to protect industries in the north. In the south, Americans were very dependent on European goods because their goods were sold for way cheaper, so American manufacturers couldn't keep up. When the tariff was set, it raised rates up to 50 percent on manufactured goods. -
South Carolina Exposition
This was an essay that was written by John C. Calhoun. The purpose of it was to share how unhappy the citizens were with the Tariff of 1828 and 1832, and to say that it was unconstitutional, so states should come together to nullify it. However, states didn't agree with Calhoun. -
Tariff of 1832
This was passed to reduce tax rates, since many Southerners were angry at how high the goods were on price and how it was making their economy suffer. The tariff was supposed to reduce conflict, but the citizens were still mad because it was viewed unconstitutional. -
South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification
This ordinance was adopted because the citizens thought the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were "null, void, and nonbinding in the state." South Carolina refused to pay these taxes and threatened to break away from the Union if force was used by Jackson to collect them. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Nullification
Jackson issued this proclamation to state that nullification unconstitutional because it is forbidden in the Constitution, it violates its spirits, and isn’t consistent with the principles on which the Constitution was founded on. Also, he knew that the citizens just wanted to break from the Union, so he opposed any measure that would possibly break them up. At the end of the day, nullification was seen as unconstitutional, misguided, and treasonous. -
Haynes' Counter Proclamation
In Haynes' Proclamation, he says that "if a state is being oppressed by a law, that state can deem the law void and unconstitutional." When Jackson began rallying up troops to send to South Carolina, Haynes continued countering it by nullifying the federal taxes. This almost led to another war. -
Force Bill
This bill allowed Jackson to send out the navy and army to forcefully issue any law and/or tariffs on the states.The bill gave the president the power to use whatever force was necessary to enforce these tariffs. This was also nullified by South Carolina. -
South Carolina Repeal of Nullification
South Carolina repealed a few of their nullifications. Things like lowering tariff rates was approved by them. However, they were still fairly angry at how bad their economy was doing.