Petrarch

Inquisition (5)

1232

Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. The Inquisition started in 12th-century France to combat religious dissent, particularly among the Cathars and the Waldensians.

Petrarch (5)

Jul 20, 1304

Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian Renaissance, and one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages."

Humanism (5)

1400

Humanism is an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Perspective (5)

1415

Perspective is the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point

Printing Revolution (5)

1440

Print revolution is basically the changes that took place in the field of print before printing presses were invented by Gothenburg . With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Printing reduced the cost of books.

Lorenzo de Medici (5)

1462

Lorenzo de' Medici was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy. Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets.

Michelangelo (5)

Jun 25, 1468

Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. A number of Michelangelo's works of painting, sculpture and architecture rank among the most famous in existence.

Leonardo da Vinci (5)

1478

Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo's collective works compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo.

Machiavelli (5)

1513

Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance diplomat, philosopher and writer, best known for The Prince, written in 1513. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science. He worked as secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power.

Raphael (5)

1514

Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his early death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career.

John Calvin (2)

1538

John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

Council of Trent (5)

1545

Council of Trent was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.

Sale of Indulgences (5)

1567

One particularly well-known Catholic method of exploitation in the Middle Ages was the practice of selling indulgences, a monetary payment of penalty which, supposedly, absolved one of past sins and/or released one from purgatory after death.

William Shakespeare

1589

William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed.

Heliocentric Theory (5)

1610

Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to egocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center.

Galileo (3)

1632

Galileo was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science".