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Aug 30, 1500
Land Brige
The most popular theory for people to travel to America.
Definition of land bridge: a connection between two landmasses. -
Period: Aug 30, 1500 to
Population
Growth and development of population of New France -
Sep 2, 1500
Relations with the Europeans and the Native
When the French came alliances were formed over trade. The French allied with the Algonquins. The British allied with the Iroquois. The nations were often at war with each other.
-Diseases were traded.
-Cross breading (French and the Native)
-Change of occupation of the territory. (migration) -
Sep 2, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier looked for a new route for Asia, search for gold and other riches, and claim land for the kind of France. -
The seigneuries
The territory around the St. Lawrence River was subdivided into seigneuries. Seigneur divided the estate into portions that he gave away to peasants called censitaires.
The seigneur could be an individual or a group, such as a religious community.
The censitaires did not own land, they had to pay dues to the seigneur.
Seigneurial regime promoted populating the territory, because of the mutual obligations established between the seigneur and the censitaires. -
Port Royal
The king first sent a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. Samuel de Champlain was a part of Port Royal. Port Royal failed because of its position -
First Settlement (Quebec)
Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec to create a fur trade with the Amerindians. "Quebec," is a Amerindian word meaning "narrowing." The region of the St. Lawrence River is very narrow, making them in control of the river traffic. -
The Company of One Hundred Associates
The King of France mandated the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony. The company attracted several hundred colonists.
The immigrates that came were mainly men who came to trade fur or to battle against the Iroquois. Lords and religious communities also recruited more than 200 hundred girls, yet single men were still outnumbered. -
Second Settlement (Trois-Rivières)
Champlain was in charge of finding a second settlement at the junction of the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers. The advantage of the site of Trois-Rivières is that it allowed furriers to communicate with each other and the prevention the Iroquois from intercepting their trades. -
Third Settlement (Ville-Marie)
Paul Chomedey founded Ville-Marie. The purpose of this settlement was to evangelize (convert into being catholic) the Amerindians, but quickly became a major trading post because of it's location. Ville-Marie was in the heart of the of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century, Ville-Marie was renamed as Montréal. -
Jean Talon (other measures)
In 1663, the King sent Jean Talon to New France to develop and increase the colony's population. He wanted to bring more women, craftsmen, merchants, farmers, etc to cultivate the land and develop the colony.
-He gave prisoners in France the option to stay in France or live in New France.
-Filles du Roy
-The soldiers
-Young married couples were given payments.
-Fathers of unmarried girls would pay fines.
-People over 21 who weren't married payed a fine. -
Advantages in New France
Land was more affordable than in France
Women could easily find a husband because they were outnumbered by men.
Fur trade allowed men to earn money. -
Jean Talon (Filles du Roy)
Jean Talon took orphan girls off the streets of France and sent them to New France by boat, and were quickly married. These marriages were known as business marriages. Jean Talon only took women to balance out the population with the men, because there was a higher rate of men. These girls gave a total birthday of 4450 children. They brought the girls in 1665-1673. -
Jean Talon (The soldiers)
The King sent the Carignan Sallières regiment, 1200 soldiers to the Iroquois's to take control. Jean Talon offered money and land to the soldiers, who were retired, who would like to stay in New France. Around 600 soldiers stayed in New France and started a family by marrying one of the Filles du Roy. They were valued because they can defend and protect the colony when needed. -
Slavery
Canada had slaves, they got rid of slavery a lot faster than America. -
French Canadian Population
Made up the majority of Québec's population due to their high birth rate. In the 1830s the birth rate slowed down due to the exodus of French Canadian. They left because of an agricultural crisis. In the 1840s to the 1870s, many people found employment in the United States in the construction, textile, and shoe industries. -
The Great Peace of Montreal
The signing of the Great Peace of Montreal ended the war between the French and the Iroquois. This war lasted approximately ten years.
The French went in war with the five Iroquois Nations to prove that they are good allies to the Algonquians.
After the war, the French attempted to cover the Amerindians to Christianity, to a sedentary lifestyles and make them live under the French Laws and values. -
British immigration
A few British and many Scottish settled in the Province Québec, as administrators or merchants who worked in the fur business. Many Loyalists moved on to Québec, there was an increase of immigration, and developed immigration policies, and a diversity in religions. -
Irish immigration
The Irish immigrated to Canada due to the Potato Famine and as a settlement a piece of land. The French liked the Irish because they were the same religion as in Catholic, but they also didn't like the Irish because they would work for a lot less, making the French lose their employments. -
Loyalists
During the American Revolution, which started in 1765, many Loyalists left the United States where they were treated with hostility. Two thousand of them decided to settle in Quebec. -
Religious diversification
The majority of the new people arriving were no longer Catholics. The Irish were Protestants and Catholics. The British were usually Protestants and Jews. In the 19th century, the majority of the immigrants were Irish. Many people went into the French Canadian community. -
Increase of population
Great Britain faced a crises of the population increasing too quickly, making the unemployment rate high. 15% of their population was affect by poverty. The British government encouraged the unemployed families to emigrate to their colonies. Canada was promoted in the newspapers for land as a settlement. The British immigration included the Irish, Scottish and English. -
Immigration policies
The system of them giving land as settlement ended after 10 years, because it was coming too costly. Private companies were allowed to receive land, but they had to advertise in Europe to attract immigrants to Canada. -
Grosse-Île
Once immigrants have arrived Grosse-Île, they receive medical examinations. People who were unhealthy were isolated from the healthy. Many people died in this location. After 90 years, medical search has progressed, and the quarantine was no longer no needed, and the Grosse-Île facility was closed in 1937. -
The Amerindian Population
Since there was in increase in population in Quebec it resulted in an expansion into the Native territories. British government wanted to change the Amerindian people into a sedentary lifestyles and to assimilate them into the Western society. They set up reserves that are exclusively reserved for Native people. -
Malitia Army
The militia army is the farmer's army. They are a non-professional fighters, so they don't have to follow the soldier rules. They were allowed to bend those rules, and do what they want. The French had the Natives, and the British had the militia. -
Population developed before World War II
Growth:
Mortality rate kept falling and life expectancy increased; Advancement in medicine and hygiene.
Slowdown:
Due to Industrialization and urbanization of the population; food was more expensive -
James Bay Agreement
The Native's gave them permission to build and construct on their land. This agreement covers many establishments including lands, education, local government, health and social services, etc. -
Population after World War II
Growth:
improvement of living conditions; the implementation of Medicare and better food control; birth rate rose (baby boom)
Slowdown:
availability to contraception; the entry of women into the market; educate the children; desire to get a job; change in values and attitude -
British Regime
British regime was in the years 1760 - 1867. All the wealthy French took off, as in they were allowed to leave. The French had business and families in France. French didn’t want to live under the British rules. All the new French people were stuck in New France because they weren’t allowed to leave since they had no ties, and no relation other than the language. Once the French merchants leave, the English merchants come in. The 1% are mostly English merchants.
