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Eugene Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
He was a French painter, who moved to Tahiti due to the fact that he was tired with the political issues in France. And when at Tahiti he decided to paint a picture of a lady which was actually somehow vague. -
John Philip Sousa (1854-1932)
He was a band master known for marches including El Capitan (1896), Semper Fidelis (1888), and so on. He composed at least 9 operettas. He conducted "The President's Own" Marine band. -
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911)
He made important expansions of symphonies and lieder. He utilized the aspects of music of non-western cultures. -
Claude Debussy(1862-1918)
He was one of the most important French composer of the early 20th century. Debussy was credited with composing the first modern orchestral work. -
Richard Strauss ( 1864-1949)
He was a German composer who supported Wagner's use of chromaticism. He was also famous for composing tone poems and operas. Some symphonic poems included Don Juan, Till Eulenspingel's Merry Pranks, and so on. -
Arnold Schoeberg (1874-1951)
He was an Australian composer, theorist, and painter who spent a good amount of his time in Vienna. Began Violin at 8, by 10 he could actively arrange music. He went atonal ca. 1907-1909, created "melodies" in atonality called "tone-rows". -
Charles Ives (1874-1954)
He was one of the most innovative and original composer, and one of the great American composers of the first half of the 20th century. -
Maurice Ravel (1876-1937)
He was another French impressionist composer, who was credited with writing the first impressionist piano piece. -
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
His Father was a singer in Kiev and St. Petersburg. He started by learning piano when he was 9, but was never allowed to pursue a musical career. In 1909 he began collaborating with Sergei Diaghilev. -
R. (Robert) Nathaniel Dett (1882-1943)
He was a pianist who was born in Canada near Niagra Falls. He helped found the National Association of Negro Musicians(1919). -
Luigi Russolo (1885-1947)
He was an Italian Futurist painter, composer, and builder of experimental musical instruments wrote a creed or manifesto titled "The Art of Noises" (1913). -
Louis Durey (1888-1979)
He was one of the member from the Les Six group, and was born in Paris a non-musical family. He instigated the first Les Six album, and also composed songs for the French resistance in the Word War II. -
Impressionism (1890s-1920s)
It was a post-romantic style by the French. It was known to be anti-German , and was lead by Debussy. It was one of the first anti Romantic style. (Light, Reflection, Movement, water, color, Soft images) -
Maximalism (1890-1914)
It was one of the Post-Romantic style that was mostly used in German speaking area, and it was led by R. Strauss and G. Mahler. It was based on extreme chromaticism, sizes of performance groups, and extreme use of themes and motives. -
Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)
He was a Russian composers who composed orchestral pieces, piano works, and film music. One of his works was "Peter and the Wolf" in 1936. -
"Prelude to 'The Afternoon of Faun'" (1894)
It was a tone poem/ symphonic poem based on symbolist Stephanie Mallarme's poem. It had free ternary form (ABA'), and the flute represents faun (half goat, half man). It was composed by Claude Debussy. -
William Grant Still(1895- 1978)
He was the first black American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by ensemble (1931,1949). He was also the first black American to conduct a major symphony orchestra (1936). -
Henry Cowell (1897-1965)
He was an American innovator who was drawn to non-western music . Was also a huge support of Charles Ives. He invented chance music and new techniques for playing piano. -
George Auric(1899-1983)
He was one of the members of Les Six group, born in South France. He studied composition in Paris with Satie's teacher. Neo-Classicist, Film Music, and Music Journalist. -
Type of music in North America in 19th century
Different types of music during this time included imported western art music, vernacular music, sacred music, small amount of Art music by America composers, and so on. -
Aaron Copland (1900-1990)
He was a composer, teacher, critic, conductor, and sponsor of concerts. He composed variety of genres, but did not have many works produced. He also mostly used the tonal style, but he also wrote some atonal. -
Elliot Carter (1908-2012)
He was an American composer, also influential as a teacher and composer for 50 years. -
Expressionism (1910s+)
It was a Post-Romantic style that was used in German speaking area , and led by Schoenberg. (Stark images, strong lines, Bold images, static subjects) -
Pierrot Lunaire, 1912
It was a piece of work that was divided into 3 sets of 7 poems, with 21 poems all from Belgian symbolist poet. It was composed from the song cycle genre, and was written for solo voices and 5 instrumentalists. -
The Rite of Spring , 1913
It was a ballet composed by Stravinsky when he was 31. It was produced by Sergey Diaghilev, and was premiered in May 29, 1913. -
Jazz Style
It began around 1917, and was known in Europe by 1919. -
Les Six, 1920
It was a name given to a group by Henri Collet in the French Journal Commedia, but it was formerly known as Les Nouveaux Jeunes circa 1913-14 which was formed by Satie. -
Blues
It is a musical genre derived from the Black American performance tradition that used "blue notes" or bent pitches. Its earliest recordings of Blues were made in the 1920s, but the style reaches back to 1890s. -
12 Tone Method (Serialism ,1921)
It begins with an arrangement of the 12 chromatic scale tones. This represents the tone rows meaning the pitch order has to stay the same. The piece is composed based on this row. -
Peter and the Wolf, Opus 67 (1936)
It was a programmatic orchestral piece, which used a narrator. -
"A Black Pierrot" from Songs of Separation (1949)
It was an art song from song cycle, which echos Arnold Schoenberg's "Pierrot Lunaire". Its text was written by Langston Hughes. -
Ragtime (1998)
It was a Broadway musical which takes its musical style from this early 20th century American style.