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460
Hippocrates
Hippocrates suggested that confusion and madness was caused by abnormalities in the brain. This idea that the abnormalities can affect our thoughts, feelings, and behavior influnced thinking about psychology for over 2,000 years. Hippocrates was born in 460 B.C. and died in 377 B.C. -
Jan 1, 1500
Nicolaus Copernicus
During the 1500s, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the sun revolved around earth, instead of the earth revolving around the sun. This is a picture of the scientist. -
Newton's Law
During the 1600s, Newton created the laws of gravity and motion. Displayed, is a picture of Newton, and he is a very influencial figure we still acknowledge to this day. -
Antoine Lavoisier
In the 1700s, Lavoisier founded founded the science of chemistry and explained how animals and plants use oxygen. The scientific approach eventually resulted in psycholoy. -
Psychological Laboratories
The birth of psychology was in the 1800s, and during this period, psychologists argued that ideas regarding the behavir of humans and mental processes should be supported by evidence. In the late 1800s, psychological laboratories were established in Europe and the United States. In these laboratories, psychologists studied behavior and mental processes using methods similar to those Lavoisier had used when studyin chemistry -
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt had an abundance of students, and together they had found the field of psychology known as structuralism. This field is concerned with discovering the basic elements of consciousness. He broke down the content of consciousness into 2 categories: objective sensations and subjective feelings. He was born in 1832, and died in 1920. -
Oberlin College
In 1833, Oberlin College allowed women to attend. It is actually quite ironic, due to the fact that now, more than half of American college students are women, and without that opened, this would not be possible. Also, two-thirds of the doctoral degrees in psychology are awarded to these fortunate women. This picture displays an area of the college. -
William James
William James was a Harvard University professor wrote the book, The Principles of Psychology. He was one of the founders of the school of functionalism, which was concered with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment; they stressed the application of their findings to everyday situations. He died in 1910. -
Sigmund Freud
Born in 1856, Freud was a Viennese physician, possibly the most famous of the psychologists during the earlier times. He had founded the school of though called psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the importance of motives that were unconcious and internal conflicts when determining humans' behavior. He died in 1939. In the 1940s and 50s, this perspective was stressed and the theory dominated psychotherapy, and influenced psychology It no longer dominates psychology although the influence remains. -
John B. Watson
Watson agreed with the functionalist focus on the importance of learning, and believed that it was unscientific to study a construct like consciousness-particularly an animal's. He was the founder of behaviorism, was born in 1878, and died in 1958. There were no pictures of him. -
Beginning of Psychology
Most historians pointed that 1879 was the beginning of psychology, known as a modern laboratory science. Also in 1879, Wilhelm Wundt had established his laboratory in Leipzig. -
The Principles of Psychology
In 1890, William James had written a book, focusing on the relationships between experience and behavior and described his views in it. This book was published in 1890, and was known as the first modern psychology textbook. -
B. F. Skinner
Skinner added to the behaviorist tradition by introducing the concept of reinforcement. He was born in 1904, and died in 1990. He showed that when an animal is reinforced, or rewarded, for performing an action, it is more likely to perform that action again. -
Kenneth B. Clark
Kenneth, a well-known African American psychologist, researched with questions of gender, culture, prejudice, and stereotypes. He was born in the Panama Canal Zone in 1914. His parents were also from West India. -
Gestalt Psychology
In the 1920s, the school of Gestalt psychology was founded, by German psychologists: Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.Displayed in the moderatlely recent picture is Wolfgang Kohler. -
Northside Center for Child Development
In 1946, the Northside Center for Child Development was founded by the Clarks. Kenneth and Mamie Clark's clinical work led to many studies showing the negative effect of segregation and self-esteem of African American children. -
NAACP
During the early 1950s, Kenneth began working with the NAACP to end school segregation. As a result of this, the Supreme Court overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine. -
Separate but Equal Doctrine
In 1954, the Supreme Court overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine and cited Clark's work on the effects of discrimination on the development of personalities of African Americans and Whites. -
Prejudice and Your Child
In 1955, Clark published his book, Prejudice and Your Child. This book described the results of segregation on whites and African Americans. No photos could be found of his novel. Although the picture could not be found, a picture saying pride and prejudice was a good fit. -
Plato
Plato was a student of Socrates that has a motto, "know thyself." He had learned from Socrates, whom suggested that we can learn much about ourselves by examing our thoughts and feelings. This is looking in oneself. He was born in 428 B.C., and he died in 348 B.C. -
Aristotle
Aristotle discussed human behavior that are discussed to this day. He showed us many things; for example, he showed how experiences remind us of similar experiences that occurred in the past; he also showed us how a loved one makes us feel secure. Aristotle was born in 384 B.C., and died in 322 B.C.
