PERIODS AND EVENTS

Restoration of Bourbon Monarchy

1874 BCE

It was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1814. The several goverment crisis favoured the restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy

First Republic

1873 BCE

It was a period of considerable political instability. The Republicans were divided between unionists, those in favour of a centralist State, and federalists who defended a decentralised State.

3rd Carlist War

1872 BCE

The war took place during the Reign of Amadeo of Savoy and the Bourbon Restoration (1872-1876). The war in Cuba and the isurrection of certain municipalities like Cartagena that proclaimed independent cantons or republics caused several government crises.

Reign of Amadeo of Savoy

1871 BCE

The democratic monarchy (1871-1873) fell to the Italian Amadeo of Savoy by goverment appointment. He faced the political opposition of the Republicans, those in favour of the Bourbons, and several military insurrections.

Provisional Goverment

1868 BCE

It was then formed that promulgated the Constitution of 1868. More democratic in character, it recognise freedom of expression, freedom uf the press, the right to meet and to associate, national sovereignity, separation of powers and, for the first time in Spanish history, universal suffrage for men.

The Glorious Revolution

Period: 1868 BCE to 1874 BCE

At the end of September 1868, the defeat of Isabella's forces at the Battle of Alcolea led to her deposition and exile to France

Pact of Ostend

1866 BCE

In 1866, the Democrats, the Republicans, the Progressives and the Liberal Union signed the Pact of Ostend to overthrow the queen and summon constituent Cortes by universal male suffrage.

Alternation of power

1856 BCE

This period took place from 1856 to 1868. The liberal moderates alternated in power with a new centrist party, the Liberal Union. Additionaly, new parties that opposed the liberal regime appeared: the Democrats and the Republicans.

Progressive biennium

1854 BCE

This period took place from 1854 to 1856. The constitution of 1856 was a Republican attempt at reform, because although it was passed by parliament, it was never implemented due to the "counterrevolutionary coup" of General Leopoldo O'Donnell that ended the progressive regime.

2nd Carlist War

1846 BCE

It began the second Carlist War (1846-1849): a civil war fought by the Carlists against the government of Isabella II.

Moderate Decade

1844 BCE

This decade took place from 1844 to 1854. In this period the constitution of 1845 was imposed, in which the sovereignty and legislative power were both shared between the Spanish monarchy and the Cortes.

1st Carlist War

1833 BCE

The problem in succession led to a civil war (the absolutists who defended Carlos against the liberals who favour Isabella). The Conflict ended in 1839, with the victory of Isabella and the Convention of Vergara.

Regency Stage

Period: 1833 BCE to 1843 BCE

With the death of Ferdinand VII, her daugther Isabella acceded to the throne. While she was a minor, the regency was given to her mother, Maria Cristina (1833-1840) and General Espartero (1840-1843).

Reign of Isabella II

Period: 1833 BCE to 1868 BCE

In 1843, Isabella II reach the legal age and her reign began. During her reign, she consolidated a liberal system but there were many confrontations between two liberal parties.

Third Stage: Omnious decade

1823 BCE

In 1833, Fernando VII asked the Holy Alliance for assistance. They sent a French army, the 100,000 Sons of St Louis, who defeated the liberals. Fernando VII re-established the absolute monarchy and persecuted the liberals. There were more liberal revolts, but non of them succeeded.

Second Stage: Liberal Trienium

1820 BCE

Liberal phase. A period of political instability followed, as some liberals organised military coups designed to overthrow absolutism. In 1820, a coup led by Riego and Quiroga succeeded. Fernando VII was forced to reinstate the Constitution of 1812 and to guarantee the freedoms that had been suppressed during the previous phase. The invasion of the hundred thousand sons of San Louis.

First Stage: Absolutist sexenium

1814 BCE

Absolutist phase. At the start, Fernando VII enjoyed the support of the Spanish people, the Cádiz Cortes and the absolutists. The Cádiz Cortes hoped he would uphold the Constitution, while the absolutists wanted a return to the Ancient Regime, as outlined in the Persian Manifesto. Fernando VII agreed with the absolutists’ demands, so he dismissed the Cortes, abolished the Constitution and re-established absolute monarchy

Reign of Ferdinand VII

Period: 1814 BCE to 1833 BCE

In 1814, after the War of Independence, Ferdinand VII returned to Spain, where he was received with great shows of joy by the people. His reign had three stages, marked by the confrontations between liberals and absolutist.

Treaty of Valençay

1813 BCE

Treaty between Napoleon and King Ferdinard VII of Spain. It's aim was to take away France from the Peninsular War, the treaty was rejected by the Spanish Council of Regency.

Implementation of Bayonne Statute

1808 BCE

It established a conservative political system in which the king had executive power and the initiative to propose laws.

Uprising of the people of Madrid

1808 BCE

It was a rebellion by the people of Madrid against the occupation of the city by French troops.

War of Independence

1808 BCE

The Supreme Central Junta assumes power and summoned the cortes of Cadiz (Laws arrowed by the Cortes and the Constitution on 1812)

Mutiny of Aranjuez

1808 BCE

The Mutiny of Aranjuez was an uprising led against King Charles IV that took place in the town of Aranjuez, Spain on 17–19 March 1808. The event commemorates the fall of the monarch and the subsequent accession of his son Ferdinand VII.

Abdication of Charles IV

1808 BCE

Riots, and a popular revolt at the winter palace Aranjuez, in 1808 forced the king to abdicate on 19 March, in favor of his son.Ferdinand took the throne as Ferdinand VII, but was mistrusted by Napoleon, who had 100,000 soldiers stationed in Spain by that time.

Abdications of Bayonne

1808 BCE

The failed El Escorial Conspiracy preceded the Mutiny of Aranjuez, which forced King Charles IV to abdicate the throne to his son Ferdinand VII in 1808 by order of the Spanish Royal Council.

Reign of Jose I Bonaparte

Period: 1808 BCE to 1813 BCE

Jose I Bonaparte was a French diplomat and nobleman, the older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily, and later King of Spain.

Treaty of Fontainebleau

1807 BCE

Godoy shifted his policy and allied with Napoleon after the singing of the Treaty of Fontainebleau. The treaty contained an agreement to invade and divide up Portugal, which did not accept the economic embargo against the United Kingdom decreed by Napoleon.

Peace of Basel

1795 BCE

Spain in 1795 made peace with France, signing the SECOND Treaty of Basel, after the French invaded the Basque Country and Navarra.

War with France

1793 BCE

This was declared by France after Spain protested the execution of Louis XVI of France

Reign of Charles IV

Period: 1788 BCE to 1808 BCE

Charles IV acced to the throne in 1788 at the age of 40, and immediatly left power in the hands of the prime minister, Manuel Godoy. During his reign, the political crisis of the Old Regime began, under the influence of the French Revolution.