Renaissance

Italian Renaissance

Mar 10, 1400

Renaissance means rebirth which meant that it was a rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman art, literature, and philosophy. It was urban society which mostly large, powerful city-states. And it was most described as Secular which meant worldly, non-religious. The focus was on people and nature and less on God and the Church.

Ideas and Art of the Renaissance

Mar 10, 1400

Humanism was based on the study of the classics, studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. Petrarch was the father of Renaissance humanism. He brought back the use of Roman Latin and believed in living a secluded life without family or community. Changed in the 1400s to being active and many served princes or the state.

Italian wars

Mar 10, 1527

Many European countries wanted Italian cities wealth, specifically France. Charles VIII of France invaded Italy with 30,000 troops. Italy asked Spain's Charles I, for help which ended up leading to 30 years of war. In 1527 Spain sacks Rome and leaves Spain as the dominate force in Italy.

ML Continued

Mar 13, 2017

After he spread his 95 theses all over Germany it lead to the break from the Catholic Church. In 1520 ML started clean break it came with some changes though, it called for the prince of Germany to overthrow the papacy and make a reformed German Church. Also got rid of all but 2 sacraments- Baptism and Eucharist saw the many sacraments as control of the Catholic Church. And finally it allowed clergy to marry. In 1521 ML was excommunicated and it made him an outlaw and he was to be captured

Vernacular Literature

Mar 13, 2017

Vernacular is a language spoken in a region such as French, German, and Italian. Dante, Chaucer, and Christine de Pizan made vernacular popular. Dante wrote Divine Comedy its the story of the soul’s journey to salvation in 3 parts- Hell, Purgatory, Heaven/Paradise. Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales its a story of 29 pilgrims to the tomb of St. Thomas a Becket at Canterbury, England.
Christine de Pizan was a Frenchwoman who wrote the Books of the City Ladies they argued against sexism.

Protestant Reformation

Mar 13, 2017

Protestant Reformation is the name given to the religious reform movement that split the W. Church in to Catholics and Protestants. Martin Luther began the reformation in early 1500s which lead to more religious change. Christian Humanism in N. Europe their goal was to reform the Catholic Church. Best known during this was Desiderius Erasmus he called his view the “philosophy of Christ”. He meant that XP should show people how to live a good life day to day, not just beliefs for salvation.

Martin Luther

Mar 13, 2017

Martin Luther was a monk and professor at the U. of Wittenberg in Germany where he studied the Bible. By studying the Bible, he comes to conclusion that we just need faith which he called ‘Justification by faith alone’. ML not happy with selling of indulgences wrote the 95 Theses. In 1517 ML nailed a list of 95 Theses- a list of abuses of the church- to the door of his Church to protest church actions. Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press and allows ML to make thousands of copies

Rise of Lutheranism

Mar 13, 2017

Many German princes did take control of their churches.They saw it as a way to further their own power. ML doctrine becomes known as Lutheranism, its the 1st Protestant faith.

Spread of Protestant Reformation Cont.

Mar 13, 2017

John Calvin was from France but converting to Protestantism caused him to flee to Switzerland. In 1536 he published Institutes of the Christian Religion it was a summary of Prot. thought. He also believed in “justification by faith alone”. He lead to a belief called predestination- b/c God is all knowing, he has predetermined who is saved and who is damned. Calvin centered his reform in Geneva, Switz. It became a powerful center for Protestantism.

Spread of Protestant Reformation

Mar 14, 2017

Divisions of Protestantism- Zwingli and Calvin. Ulrich Zwingli was a protestant priest in Zurich, Switzerland. He got rid of relics and images. Mass was replaced with readings, prayer, and sermons.
war broke out in Switzerland between Protestants and Catholics- Oct. 1531, Zwingli’s forces lose, Zwingli found dying on the battlefield, and was killed-cut up-burned and they scattered the ashes. After he dies the power is then handed to John Calvin.

Anabaptist

Mar 14, 2017

Anabaptist disliked the amount of power given to the state by Luther’s reforms. They believed in separation of Church and State and refused to bear arms or hold political office, “Thou shall not kill”. The true church was voluntary, adult believers. Adult baptism is the big difference. Political and religious beliefs got them persecuted by both Protestants AND Catholics. Reformation changed the family to be the center of life. Jews- still persecuted by both by Protestants and Catholics.

Reformation of England

Mar 14, 2017

King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. He grew impatient with the pope’s unwillingness to annul his marriage to Catherine. 1534 Parliament declares, “the only supreme head on earth is the Church of England”. This gave the king control over doctrine, clergy appointments, discipline, property. Church declares him “Defender of the Faith” due to his written attacks on Martin Luther in 1521.

Catholic Reformation

Mar 14, 2017

Catholic Church rebounds after Reformation weakened it. There were 3 reasons for rebound- Jesuits, Reform, and the Council of Trent. Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits, all Jesuits took an absolute vow to follow the pope. Used education to help restore damage. The corruption that spread through the Church was brought out during the Reformation it jolted the Catholic Church to reform under Pope Paul III assembled a Reform Commission in 1537 to determine the churches wrong doings.