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Period: Nov 11, 711 to
Conquest of Spain
initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate of Spain
destruction of the Visigothic Kingdom
conquest marks expansion of Umayyad Caliphate and Muslim rule into Europe -
Period: Nov 11, 750 to Nov 11, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate (years of rule)
third of Islamic Caliphates
centered its government in Kufa
founded city of Baghdad
ended by Mongols -
Nov 11, 756
Baghdad established as capital of Abbasid Caliphate
center of science, culture, philosophy and invention
one reason of choice: increasing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims in the ummah -
Nov 11, 1099
Crusaders seize Jerusalem
Caliph Omar conquered the city of Jerusalem
Turks swarmed westward out of Central Asia
over 100,000 crusaders joined forces on the eastern side of the Bosphorus
army fought its way along coast of the Mediterranean, reaching gates of Jerusalem in 1099 -
Nov 11, 1206
Delhi Sultanate established in India
Muslim knigdom
5 dynasties rules over it
caused destruction of temples in South Asia
lasted until 1526 -
Period: to Nov 11, 1000
Emergence of Sufism
first millennium CE, number of manuals began to be written, summarizing the doctrines of Sufism
Between 13th and 16th centuries , Sufism produced flourishing intellectual culture throughout the Islamic world
Soon spread to India
then spread to Muslim Spain
