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Prince Nikolaus Eszterhazy (1765- 1833)
Prince Nikolaus Eszterhazy was Haydn's patron and employer after 1790 -
Beethoven (1770-1827)
Ludwig van Beethoven was a instrumental in moving music towards Romanticism, he is an icon in present culture, he established the heroic topic in orchestral music and was the transitional composer between classicism and romanticism
Beethoven has made 32 piano sonatas, 1 opera, 9 symphonies, string quartets, masses, concertos, arias, Lieder, overtures, choral and chamber music
his genre he commonly composed was classical -
Hoffmann (1776-1822)
E.T.A Hoffmann was a German composer and writer and he also was an artist, he wrote The Nutcracker fable, his writings epitomize Romanticism
Hoffmann has made writings, stage works, piano works, some chamber and orchestral works, and vocal works
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
von Weber (1786-1826)
Carl Maria von Weber was the founder of German Romantic Opera and studied with Michael Haydn
von Weber has made German opera, other dramatic works, piano works,cantatas, concertos, 2 symphonies, songs, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was romantic -
Rossini (1792-1868)
Gioachino Rossini was the most famous composer in the early 19th century in Vienna, he composed mostly choral music and operas
Rossini has made39 operas, vocal works, choral music, and 9 sinfonia
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Schubert (1797-1828)
Franz Schubert was a Austrian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic Lieder, expansive melodies, frequent modulations and many unfinished works
Schubert has made over 600 Lieder,9 symphonies, piano works, choral music, chamber music, and 13 operas
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Donizetti (1797-1848)
Gaetano Donizetti was a student of Mayr, Verdi's immediate forerunner in serious Italian opera, and he was a prolific composer of all genres
Donizetti has made 100 songs, 70 operas, symphonies, chamber music, and choral music
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Bellini (1801-1835)
Vincenzo Bellini was an Italian opera composer, he created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion
Bellini has made 10 serious operas
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Berlioz (1803-1869)
Hector Berlioz was a French composer, writer, conductor, and innovator, he was the leading French musician in his day, his works embody the notions of Romanticism
Berlioz has made choral music, chamber music, operas, tone poems, vocal works, symphonies, writing, and works of untraditional genres
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Glinka (1804-1857)
Mikhail Glinka was the father of Russian music
Glinka has made stage works, chamber music, piano works, orchestral works, and vocal works
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Hensel (1805-1847)
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was discouraged from composing, but then published more, she had the same training as Felix, her home was a center for intellectuals and culture
Hensel has made
her genre she commonly composed was Romantic -
Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
Felix Mendelssohn was a German composer with Jewish heritage and was an early romantic, conservative style, was important as a conductor, revived Bach's music
Mendelssohn has made concertos, chamber music, symphonies, Lieder, piano and organ works
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic and Folk -
Schumann (1810-1856)
Robert Schumann was important as critic, composer, and editor, was center of musical life, and lost his sanity at a young age
Schumann has made 4 symphonies, Lieder, chamber music, piano works, concertos, and 1 not so great opera
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Chopin (1810-1849)
Frédéric François Chopin was a Polish/ French composer and painist, he innovated new piano techniques, and is known for his character pieces, he is more famous today than during his lifetime
Chopin has made chamber music that involved a piano, piano concertos, and sonatas
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Period: to
Romantic Era (1810s- 1890)
The 19th century had some of the most radical changes to music, Emotional content was now the focus, composers were expected to imbue their music with strong emotional content. Melodies could still be symmetrical, but the most part, composers preferred to write more expansive & elongated musical thoughts. Remarkable advances occurred in the harmonic nature of music, sevenths, ninths, and harmonic chromaticism dominated almost every genre of music. -
Period: to
Romantic Era Cont.
Most modern improvements were made to orchestral instruments, the piano received most important improvements and the tuning of many instruments was significantly refined. Percussion instruments found an important voice in the progressive music of the century. -
Liszt (1811-1886)
Franz Liszt was a Virtuoso pianist, author, and conductor, he was a supporter of Wagner, he was innovator in musical form, aestheties, and harmonies,he was inventor of the orchestral tone poem
Liszt has made dramatic works, tone poems, Lieder, piano works, concertos, writings, and vocal works
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Battle of Borodino Napoleon Enters Moscow
Napoleon organized an army of nearly 600,000 men. Napoleon's prime allies were the Prussians and the Austrians, both of whom supplied significant armies.The Russian army fell back without significantly opposing Napolean's forces. -
Verdi (1813-1901)
Giuseppe Verdi was the leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century, he became a national hero of Italy
Verdi has made 26 operas and choral music
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Wagner (1813-1883)
Richard Wagner was Creator of German Music Drama, he was a writer, conductor, and musical innovator, he wrote about music of the future, Anti-Semite, he profoundly influenced Western harmony, he strove for endless melodies
Wagner has made music dramas, operas, writings, and 2 poor symphonies
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Gounod (1818-1893)
Charles Gounod was a French prolific composer, he wrote in most genres of the day
Gounod has made masses, oratorios, 12 operas, piano works, and much choral music
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Schumann (1819-1896)
Clara Wieck Schumann was a Virtuoso pianist and the wife of Robert Schumann, and also a close friend of Braham
Schumann has made piano concerto and Lieder
her genre she commonly composed was Romantic -
Greek War of Independence
The Greek revolution breaks out when the Greeks in Moldavia begin a revolt against the Ottomans.The Greek revolution breaks out when the Greeks in Moldavia begin a revolt against the Ottomans. -
Franck (1822-1890)
César Franck was a French nationalist composer,organist, and teacher
Franck has made choral music, stage music, songs, orchestral works, chamber music, writings, piano and organ works
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
French Forces Restore Ferdinand VII
The French intervened in the Spanish revolution in 1823. They invade Spain and force the rebel forces to hand over Ferdinand VII who they restore to power. Ferdinand VII rules Spain with an iron fist -
Bruckner (1824-1896)
Anton Bruckner was a Austrian composer and organist, a follower of Wagner, he was known for his large orchestrations, was incredibly conscientious approach to composition
Bruckner has made organ works, symphonies, and choral music
his genre he commonly composed was romantic -
Smetana (1824-1884)
Bedrich Smetana was Czech composer, established Czech opera in the 19th century
Smetana has made operas and tone poems
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Strauss (1825-1899)
Johann Strauss was a Viennese composer, violinist, and conductor, he was called the "Waltz-King"
Strauss has made Viennese operettas
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Foster (1826-1864)
Stephen Foster was American songwriter and vernacular style
Foster has made songs
his genre he commonly composed was Classical -
Brahms (1833-1897)
Johannes Brahms was a Austrian composer, artist, and conductor , he was known as a classic-romantic, strong knowledge of the musical past, one of the first editors of Bach's music,and never wrote an opera
Brahms has made concertos, choral music, 4 symphonies, chamber music, Lieder, piano works and other orchestral works, German Requiem
his genre he commonly composed was Classical and Romantic -
Saint-Saëns (1835-1921)
Camille Saint-Saëns was a French composer, writer, pianist, and organist
Saint-Saëns has made choral music, stage work, songs, orchestral works,piano works, chamber music, and writing
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Bizet (1838-1875)
Georges Bizet was a French composer who created a new type of serious French opera
Bizet had made piano works, songs, and dramatic works
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Musorgsky (1839-1881)
Modest Musorgsky was one of the Russian Mighty Five, most famous of the 5 today, his music is rooted in Russian folksong and lore
Musorgsky has made piano works, Russian songs and cycles, orchestral works, and operas
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Paine (1839-1906)
John Knowles Paine was a American organist, composer,and teacher of the new generation of American composers,he was Harvard's first professor of music
Paine has made choral music, songs, orchestral works, piano works, stage works, chamber music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was symphonic -
Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsk was a Russian composer , conductor, and teacher, he was western trained
Tchaikovsk has made 6 symphonies, stage works, poems, concertos, choral and chamber music, symphonic, songs, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Dvorak (1841-1904)
Antonín Dvorak was the most famous of the Czech composers, he lived in USA, he was influenced by African- American and Native American music and culture
Dvorak has made 9 symphonies, chamber music, choral music,concertos, piano works, orchestral works, and songs
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Korsakov (1844-1908)
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov was one of the Russian Mighty Five, important as a teacher,conductor, he wrote an orchestration treatise
Korsakov has made 20 stage works, symphonies,choral music, chamber music, symphonic poems, writing, songs, and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Faure (1845-1924)
Gabriel Faure was a French composer, teacher, and keyboardist, he foreshadowed modern tonality and style, extremely important as a teacher, he was head of the Paris Conservatory
Faure has made songs, choral music, stage works, vocal and orchestral works, chamber music, writings, and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Revolution in France
King Louis-Philippe of France refused to institute political reforms and extend suffrage. In response riots led by workers and students broke out. -
The Viennesse Revolution
Viennese students and workers inspired by events in France began in March to protest the policies of the Austrian government. -
Janacek (1854-1928)
Leos Janacek was a Czech composer, ethnomusicologist, he was influenced by folk music
Janacek has made stage works, chamber music, orchestral works, choral works, keyboard works, and folksong arrangements and editions
his genre he commonly composed was Modern/contemporary -
Sousa (1854-1932)
John Philip Sousa was an American and leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880
Sousa has made vocal works and over 100 marches
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Elgar (1857-1934)
Edward Elgar was a English composer, he received international acclaim,he wasn't folksong oriented
Elgar has made 9 stage works, symphonies, overtures, piano works,choral music, and chamber music
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
Puccini (1858-1924)
Giacomo Puccini was a Italian opera composer, gift for delicate melodies, strove for realism, he was one of the most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi
Puccini has made vocal works, a few instrumental and chamber works, and 10 operas
his genre he commonly composed was opera -
Wolf(1860-1903)
Hugo Wolf wrote mostly Lieder and was influenced by Wagner
Wolf has made 1 opera and 250 Lieder
his genre he commonly composed was Romantic -
American Civil War begins
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. -
Battle of Bull Run
The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of First Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. -
Battle of Palmito Ranch
The Battle of Palmito Ranch, also known as the Battle of Palmito Hill, is considered to be the final battle of the American Civil War. -
The end of the American Civil War
in 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered the last major Confederate army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.