Sampson Filimaua: Black Discrimination from Reconstruction to Industrial Revolution
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Period: to
Black Discrimination from Reconstruction to Industrial Revolution
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The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
President Lincoln led the country during a time of racial discrimination, poverty and economic downfall. But inspite of all the adversaries of his time he fought to keep the Union alive and bring to the Confederates to a more republic state of mind. His efforts led to his murder and marked to beginning of the Reconstruction era. A time when the United States both north and south needed to come together to rebuild the country. -
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
When the Thirteenth Amendment was approved not all white folks agreed with it because it abolished all slavery in United States, even in the south. This made harder from the slaveowners in the south to get their harvest in on time and capitalize under their circumstances. But to the African American, the thirteenth amendment meant a light at the end of the tunnel. It was the beginning of a movement to freedom. -
The 1866 Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and other rights that the whites had to all male persons in the United States regardless of race or color, and previous state of social realm. President Johnson vetoed the bill but was overthrown by a two third vote by Congress and the bill became law. Although President Johnson was a Union man but his roots were in the South. His attitude led to his impeachment from the seat. -
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Andrew Jackson was impeached for the violation of the Tenure of Office Act. Before the assasination of Abraham Lincoln they made a plan to reconstruct and defeat the South as it rejoined the Union. He planned to grant general amnesty to those who pledged an oath of loyalty to the United States and agreed to obey laws accordingly to the subject of slavery. The Republicans didn't agree with him and he was later impeached on February 24, 1868 by the House of Representatives. -
The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The establishment of the Fourteenth Amendment provides broad definition to citizenship. This was inspired by the Supreme Courts ruling on the Dredd Scott vs Sanford. The Dredd Scott Decision puts all African Americans as non-citizens of the United States and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in any territory acquired subsequent to the creation of the United States. -
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
After the federal government established the Fourteenth Amendment, they saw the opportunity to win more votes by giving the newly labeled citizens their rights to participate in the elections and decision making of the country. Therefore they added the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution stating that all citizens have the right to vote no matter what race, color and previous state of social realm. This was the third and final of the Reconstruction Amendments. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Also known as the Enforcement Act or Force Act because of the re-enforcing of the Civil Rights Act of 1866. This time the bill guaranteed the equal treatment of blacks in public accomodations, public transportation, and their right to be part of a jury. The bill was a major turning point in the fight against racial discrimination and it signified the main issue that needed to be dealt with by the end of the Reconstruction Era. -
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that enforced a segregation between blacks and whites but using the "separate but equal" status. Jim Crow laws made it so blacks and whites have separate schools, transportation, jobs. It even made it so blacks and whites used different bathrooms, sinks, waiting areas. -
Compromise of 1877
Ended the Reconstruction Era. The compromise was an unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election and pulled Federal troops out of state politics in the south. African American historians sometimes call it "The Great Betrayal." -
Booker T. Washington opens the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama
A academic university founded by Booker T. Washington. Also known as a Historical landmark for the black community. Booker T Washington was a well educated man who was a dominant leader for the black community, especially in the south. He was basically their "spokeman." He gained support from many groups, even through the white community. -
Separate Car Act
Where blacks and whites had separate accommodations on railroads, railway cars, etc. They were to share separate carts, waiting areas and etc. -
The Atlanta Compromise is delivered
The Atlanta compromise was given by Booker T Washington. It was an agreement between African American leaders and Sounthern white leaders that guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education. Blacks would not fight for equality, integration or justice and in return the whites would fund black education charities. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Due to the Separate Car act, one gentlemen Homer Plessy was asked to participate in a test. He was of mixed heritage, part black, but mostly white. By law he would have to ride in the cart for african americans, but instead he bought a ticket for the white cart. They turned him away and he stated that it was against the 13th and 14th amendments. They later went to court, which he lost in the end. -
African American "Jack Johnson" becomes World Heavy Weight Champion
When Jack Johnson won the title, he was not only praised but he also was targeted by the whites during this time. His fame in the ring brought a lot of attention from the female. In October 18, 2012 he was arrested under the grounds of "transporting women across stateline for immoral purposes" due to the victim being a former prostitute and Johnson being black. He got away clean but later convicted him of the same charges under an all white jury. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
The NAACP was an organization developed to ensure the equality of all human rights regardless of what race, color or ethnicity a person belongs to. It was majorly created to protect the equal rights of the African American because they were continued to be discriminated upon eventhough they have lawfully been given citizenship and its accompanying priviledges. The group first met on the Canadian side of the Niagara River due to segregation and that's why it is also known as the Niagara Movement. -
The Great Migration
Millions of African Americans move out of the rural Sounthgern US to other parts of the country. It lasts about 20 years. Which then leads into the SECOND GREAT MIGRATION which lasts from 1940 to 1970.
