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Triple Alliance
Italy joined the dual (France and Russia get nervous). -
Alliance
Franco-Russian Alliance against triple alliance. -
Great Powers: the biggest empires
Britain. Major powers: Germany, Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary. -
Reasons why some people said women shouldn’t have the vote in 1900
The big wide world was men’s business
Women weren’t very rational so they wouldn’t be able to make big decisions
Only a very few rich women owned houses or paid the rent
If only rich women got the vote they’d most likely vote Conservative. The liberals didn’t like that idea. -
People when they fell into poverty
The only option form many old people was the workhouse -
Entente Cordiale
Entente Cordiale (Britain and France) -
General Election in 1906
In 1906 the Liberal Party won a landslide general election victory over the Conservatives -
Triple Entente
Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France) -
Things children under 16 weren’t allowed to do after the Children’s Charter
The Charter made it illegal for children younger than 16 to buy cigarettes, go into a pub or beg. -
the popular name for Lloyd George’s 1909 budget
He proposed the tax increases in the 1909 budget. It was designed to tax the rich more heavily than the poor –so it became known as the People’s budget. -
Agadir Crisis
French troops sent to Fez to fight Moroccan rebels. Germany accused France of trying to take control over Morocco, and sent a warship (Panther), hoping to force France to give them the French Congo. Britain objected to the German action because they had a naval base nearby at Gibraltar (they sent warships to Agadir). Germany backed down and recognized French influence in Morocco (Germans felt anti-British) -
National Insurance Act
The Act came in two parts: health insurance and unemployment benefit. -
Balkan states started the Balkan League
Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Balkan League and attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1912 -
Second Balkan War
1913 Bulgaria went to war with Greece and Serbia. Turkey and Romania joined the Greek and Serbian side and Bulgaria was soon defeated losing land to the four victors -
Heir of the Austria-Hungarin throne.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne, and he went to Bosnia to help the loyalty of the Bosnian people to Austria-Hungary -
major battles fought in 1914
Ypres, Mons, and the river Marne. -
Rasons why the Russian offensive failed in 1914
- They didn’t have enough weapons
- They weren’t prepared for a long campaign
- The Army was poorly organized (no discipline) (compare Spanish Civil War)
- 200,000 Russians killed in battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes
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New British commander in 1915, as substitute of Sir John French.
Sir Douglas Haig. -
Reasons why it’s hard to say who won the Battle of Jutland
The British lost 14 ships, and the Germans lost 11
The British ships were more severely damaged
The Germans left the battle first. -
Allies in Palestine in 1917-18
They beat the Turks at the Battle of Beersheva, and took Jerusalem. Then took Damascus, led by Sir Edmund Allenby, and finally British forces controlled the area -
Bolshevik leaders of Russia signed a treaty with Germany
It was called Brest-Litovsk -
Main points from the Versailles Treaty.
Germany had to return land taken from France, Belgium, Poland and others
German colonies in Africa were shared between Fr and Brit
Germany had to pay reparations of £6600 million to compensate the Allies for the cost of the war. -
Principles that guided the negotiators of the Versailles Treaty
- Millions of people dead; too much money spent
- Germany wasn’t allowed to take part in the talks
- This wouldn’t happen again (system of alliances failed)
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Treaty which followed Versailles
St.Germain, Austria:
Separated Austria from Hungary
Stopped Austria joining with Germany
Land taken away eg. Bosnia
Made Austria disarm
Created new countries -
Treaty which followed Versailles
Neully, Bulgaria:
Lost some land
Lost access to the sea
Made Bulgaria disarm -
Treaty which followed Versailles
Trianon, Hungary:
Land taken away eg. Croatia
Made Hungary disarm
Created new countries -
Treaty which followed Versailles
Sèvres, Turkey:
Lost land – part of Turkey became new mandates eg. Syria
Lost control of the Black Sea -
International agreement
- Washington Conference 1921: USA, Br & Fr reduced size of Navies
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International agreement
- Rapallo Treaty 1922: Rus & Ger resumed diplomatic relations
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Importance of the Corfu incident
Mussolini wanted both apologize and money compensation after the murder of Italian diplomat, invading the Greek island of Corfu. The League argued in favor of compensation. Finally, Mussolini received money and apologizes: the League was weak, very weak. -
International agreement
- Geneva Protocol 1924: Tried to make countries use the League to sort out disputes.
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Mussolini come to power
He changed the voting rules, and in the next elections of 1924 the Fascists swept to power, beginning to change Italy into a dictatorship, ridding of other political parties and became the Head of State: Il Duce (the leader). -
International agreement
- Dawes Plan 1924: USA plan to lend money to Germany and extend payments
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International agreement
- Locarno Treaties 1925: Germany agreed to western borders set at Versailles
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Germany was finally accepted into the League of Nations
By 1926, Germany’s economy was stronger and had been accepted into the League of Nations. -
International agreement
- Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928: 65 nations agreed not to use force to settle arguments.
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International agreement
- Young Plan 1929: Reduced reparations by 75% gave Germany 59 years to pay.
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What is Wall Street?
Wall Street is the trade center for the USA (and the world)
People selling shares=>prices dropped=>business collapsed and people ruined=>banks couldn’t keep value of shares artificially because no money=>banks failed=>government should not interfere.
