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14th Amendment
Declared every person as equal, all white and blacken as equals. -
15th Amendment
The first amendment that granted African American men the right to vote. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
wanted equal segregation in public places and private institutions such as schools. -
Thurgood Marshall
An associate justice of the United States Surpreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall also was the Court's 96th jstice and its first African American Justice. He attended Howard University and Lincold University. -
Lyndon Baines Johnson,
36th president of the United States following the Novenber 1963 assassinaion of President John F. Kennedy. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (
A US civil rights organization set up in 1909 to oppose racial segregation and discrimination by nonviolent means. -
Orval Faubus
Governor of Arkansas in 1955 also was a school teacher, he served in World War 2 and after the war became Aransas"s state highway commisioner. Electd to the governorship after a runoff, Faubus initional pursued a liberal course in officebut to conbat his political opponents who were staunch segregationist, he adopted a hard-line civil-rights position. In 1957, Faubus gained national attention when he called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the integration of a HS. -
19th Amendment
It was the amendment that granted women the right to vote -
Dolores Huerta
Was a labor and Civil Rights activist who helped imigrants become free. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
The longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) is a US government agency created as a pat of the National Housing Act of 1934 -
Social Security
a federal insurance program that provides benefits to retired persons, the unemployed, and the disabled. -
Barbara Jordan
An American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement. She was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction. -
Hector P. Garcia
Mexican American doctor who became a strong and effective adocate for the civil rights of Mexican Americans. He believed in the American dream and lived it. -
Congress on Racial Equality
an organization founded by James Leonard Farmer in 1942 to work for racial equality -
Mendez v. Westminster
landed an important blow to school segregation in California. -
Martin Luther King, Jr
led the U.S. Civil Rights Movement from the mid-1950s until his assasssination in 1968. Through his activism, he played a pivotal role in ending the legal segregation of African- American citizens in the South and other ares of the nation as well as the creation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Sweatt v. Painter
was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
made the segregation of children of Mexican descent in Texas illegal. -
Hernandez v. Texas
U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the conviction of an agricultural labourer, Pete Hernandez, for murder should be overturned because Mexican Americans had been barred from participating in both the jury that indicted him and the jury that convicted him. -
Civil Rights Movement
United States begginning is the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effor to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens -
Brown v. Board Education of Topeka Kansas
Turning point in the Civil Rights Movement. Black children were denied admission to public schools attended by with children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to the races. -
Sonia Sotomayor
Associat Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009. Sotomayor is the Cout/s 11th justice, its first Hispanic justice, and its third female justice. -
Non-Violent Protests
The doctrine, policy, or practice of rejecting violence in favor of peaceful tactics as a means of gaining political objectives. -
Rosa Parks
African - american civil right activist "mother of the freedom movement" -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Mongomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1965, and is regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Civil-rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr. Composed largely of African-American clergy from the South and an outgrowth of the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott that King had led, it advocated nonviolent passive resistance as the means of securing equality for African Americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Primarily voting rights bill; was the civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the US since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
a U.S. civil-rights organization formed by students and active especially during the 1960s, whose aim was to achieve political and economic equality for blacks through local and regional action groups. -
Cesar Chavez
American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. -
Betty Friedan
A feminist writer and rights activist. -
March on Washington
led by Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. They walked and protested against segregated buses, water fountains, and schools. -
24th Amendment
congress and state cannot condition the right to vote in federal elections on payment of taxes. -
Great Society
A domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
landmark of legislation in the US that outlawed major forms of decimation against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. -
Jim Crow Laws
The systematic practice of discriminating against and segregating Black people, especially as practiced in the American South from the end of Reconstruction to the mid-20th century. -
Head Start
A federal program that promotes the school reediness of children ages birth to five from low-income by enhancing their cognitive, social, and emotional development -
Medicare
A federal system of health insurance for people over 65 years of age and for certain younger people with disabilities -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
landmark piece of national legislation in the US that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the US. -
Upward Bound
a federally fund educational program within the US. The program is one of a cluster of programs. -
Black Panthers
Used strategies to achieve equal rights, which included violent forms of protest as well as militant groups -
National Organization for Women
It was founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan to promote equal rights for women, particularly in the area of employment. With some 500,000 members -
League of United Latin American Citizens
Offers assistance to Hispanic Americans with regards to matters involving civil rights -
United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
The UFWOC was established when two smaller organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) and the Agriculural Workers Organizing Committe (AWOC), both in the middle of strikes against certian California grape growers, merged and moved under the umbrella of the AFL-CIO. -
25th Amendment
Allows the Vice President to take charge of office if the president dies. -
American Indian Movement
Organization of the Native American Civil-Rights movement founded in 1968. Its purpose is to encourage self-determination amoung Native Americans and to establish international recognision of their treaty rights. -
George Wallace
Announces he is presidential candidate on a third party ticket. -
Militant Protests
Having a combative character; aggressive, especially in the service of a cause: a militant political activist. It would then be an individual or group of people protesting an organized issue. -
Tinker V. Des Moines School District
John Tinker, his sister (Beth) and some friend wore black wristbands to protest against the Vietnam War, the school restricted that they could do so. Their fathers sued the school, but the Supreme Court ruled it as constitutional. -
La Raza Unida
Is a United States third political party. Campaign for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. -
26th Amendment
The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, allowing millions of young people to participate actively in the democratic process. -
Title IX
made it easier to move civil rights cases from state courts with segregationist judges and all-white juries to federal court. -
affirmative action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from decimation, especially in relation to employment or education.
