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James of Scotland Writes the True Law of Free Monarchies
In this book it states that Kings had the "Divine Right" right to be King. This was one of the key pieces that started the British Civil War many years later. -
King James is coronated king of England
James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England when he is coronated. -
The Gunpowder Plot Fails
Guy Fawkes and his comrades fail in an assassination attempt against King James and other nobles in Parliament. -
King Charles I takes the throne of England
Charles is called from his rule in Scotland to take the throne in England, effectively uniting the two kingdoms -
King James I dies
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Parliament Dismisses Duke of Buckingham
In an attempt to have some say in the government, Parliament dismisses the Duke of Buckingham, one of Charles I most favoured advisors. Furious, in response to this act, Charles then dismisses Parliament and begins his personal reign. -
Period: to
Charles I 11 year personal rule
Charles rules 11 years without any advice or word from Parliament. He continues to reject them as they attempt to contribute to the country. -
Charles I Attmepts to Impose Anglican Services on Scotland
Charles I, in one of his stupider moves, attempt to put anglicism into place in Scotland, a devoutly Presbyterian and Puritan country. These acts spark rebellion and rioting against Britain. -
Charles Summons the Short Parliament
Desperately short on money, Charles I decides to summon the long parliament, thus ending the 11 year personal rule -
Earl of Strafford is excecuted
One of the key associates of the King is excecuted for treason. This gives Parliament even mroe control over England. -
The Grand Remostrance is Presented to King Charles
Parliament presetns the Grand Remonstrance, stating all of Charles' failures as King, and forces him to sign. -
King Charles Marches on Parliament
In a bold move, Charles marches on Parliament, violating the sacred rule that a King would never be able to prosecute for what is said in Parliament. -
King Charles' Attempt at Escape
In a failed attempt to flee to France and get foriegn aid, Charles was arrested at teh Isle of Wright and brought back to England. The peoples opinion of their King dropped further as they realized that he would even resort to recieving aid from a rival country to retain power. -
Pride's Purge
Oliver Cromwell forces members of the Parliament by force of arms to comply to his wishes or be kicked from Parliament. This act results in the Rump Parlaiment, which are people who only agree with Cromwell. -
Charles I of England is executed
Although many people thought it was wrong, somehow, Cromwell convince his fellow members of Parliament to execute the King and abolish the monarchy, -
Scotland crown King Charles II
In a response to the beheading of their King, Scotland defiantly crowns King Charles II. Parliament denounced this crowning and did not support it. -
Blue Laws are Enforced
Under Cromwell's Puritan reign, the blue laws were enforced which prevented almost anything artistic or fun to happen. He wanted only for a devout Puritan nation, and saw the blue laws as a way of doing so. -
Richard Cronwall Resigns
The son of the famous general resigns the position of Lord Protector, and the monarchy is soon after restored. -
Restoration of the Monarchy
Charles II is brought back to England and is given the position of King in a constitutional monarchy formed by Parliament. All of Oliver Cromwell's work abolishing the monarhcy is lost. -
Test Act
An act passed by Parliament that made the Anglican church supreme and above all other types of christianity. It also prevented catholics from holding public office, having jobs or being king. -
Queen Mary and Kin William are crowned
The two monarchs are crowned by Parliament. England finally restored under a stable government once more. -
Bill of Rights
A bill signed by Queen Mary and King William that made England an official constitutional monarchy. It limited the powers of the monarchs and gave lots of power to Parliament -
Jethro Tull Refines the Seed Drill
The old method of broadcasting seeds was terribly inefficient, and the invention of the seed drill made harvests far more successful. The drill planted the seeds up to four times as fast, in neat uniform lines, and ensured a much larger success rate from seeds to full grown crops. -
"Turnip" Townshend Develops Crop Rotations
With this agricultural development, lands no longer had to be left in fallow and 1/3 more crop could be collected. This made agriculture not only much more benefitial for the farmers, but it also made agricultural profitable adn it became a business. -
Abraham Develops Better Methods of Casting Iron
Abraham Darby, one of the many Darby's that would contribute to the revolution, developed a method of cast iron, that made the production of cast-iron products far more widespread and affordably. Soon the iron business sped up adn became profitable due to this man's contributions -
Royal Proclaimation
George II releases the Royal Proclaimation, stating that land west of the Appailachians are not to be settled in. -
The Spinning Jenny is Invented
James Hargreaves invents the Spinning Jenny, a machine that makes spinning cloth far faster and more cost-efficient. This machines is one of the main factors in spurring the Industrial Revolution. -
Stamp Act
One of many unfair acts released against the colonies that stated the colonists had to buy stamped paper, which certified that they were British made. This served as yet another burden on colonists that led to their revolt years later. -
Boston Massacre
British troops fire down on Americans, feeding fuel to the growing need for independence. -
Boston Tea Party
Men of the Boston Tea Party throw thousands of pounds of tea into the Boston harbour as a response to their mistreatment as colonists. This spurred the intolerable acts which were released by Britain. -
Intolerable Acts
Acts released by Britain in direct response to the acts of the Boston Tea Party, which were considered "intolerable" by the colonists. -
First Continential Congress
The heads of each state assemble in the First Continental congress, this was the basis pof their government in the future. The men talked and debated about what they should do with all this mistreatment of colonists by Britain. -
Tea Act
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
The "shot heard round the world" was fired here, that utimately ignited the war for Independence. -
Declaration of Independance
Americans declare themselves independent from mother Britain and begin the war to make it so. -
Battle of Saratoga
The Battle of Saratoga was not neccesairly one battle as it was a seriesof battles in the frontier. As Cornwallis attempted his three-pronged attack, the Patriots harassed the armies all the way throught eh wilderness, which they had no idea how to navigate. Much of the British army surrendered here. The French were a major role player in this battle. -
Battle of Yorkton
This battle is where the war unofficially ended, as it was the final major battle of the war for independence. Here Cornwallis surrendered, with the help of the French. -
The Steam Engine is Made More Efficient
Inventor James Watt refines the Steam Engine and uses it in a Wind Mill. Over the next several years he refines his invention and puts it into many other machines. He makes the machine far more efficient and allows it to be used in boats, trains and other machines. -
Period: to
Famine stikes France
Succesive bad harvest leads to starvation for many of the poor. Discontent rolls through France as royals continue to live their lavish lives while thousands starve. -
Estates General Meets in Paris
The Estates General meets for the first time since 1641 in Paris to discuss the many problems that face France. -
Tennis Court Oath
The dismissed members of the Estates General that represent the third estate vow to continue to talk and debate until they have gotten a better form of government (constitutional monarchy). -
Storming of the Bastille
The Bastille is stormed by angry, hungry French citizens and is then torn down brick by brick. The guards and commandants heads are paraded around on spikes, which spurred a chain of violence to come throughout the French Revolution. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
This document declares the rights and ideals of the new formed French government. It declares that all men have the right to life, liberty, and equality, all of which were soon violated in the later stages of the Revolution. This document, however, would serve as a basis for many other countries in the future. -
The Royal Family are Caught at Varrenes
Only days after he attempted escape with his family, Louis XVI is caught at Varrenes only days from Austria. He is brought back to Paris in shame and thus becomes a prisinor of the Revolution, forced to signed document after document, further diminishing his power. -
Prussia and Austria Begin the Invasion of France
Scared that this contagious disease of revolution may spread to their own countries, Austria and Prussia invade France to put a stop to the Revolution. -
Louis XVI is sent to the Guillotine
Louis XVI, former Kign of France, is finally put to death, thus birthing the French Republic. This also spurs the Great Fear, which includes many executions declared by the Republic. -
John-Paul Marat is Assasinated
Leader of the Revolution, John-Paul Marat is murdered in his medicinal bath by Charlotte Corday, a simple peasant girl. Marat had been calling for heads to roll for years and Charlotte wanted to puit an end to it, even if it also meant the end of her life as well. -
Start of the Reign of Terror
As Robespierre and the radical Jacobins lead the country, the reign of terrror begins. The guillotine is restless in Paris, and there are many accusations being thrown around. Thousands would die in the Reign of Terror. -
Marie Anointette is Guillotined
Marie Antoinette is found guilty of leading her country into treachery and is sent for execution soon after. -
Danton and his Supporters are Executed
Former leader of the Revolution, Danton, is sent to the guillotine. Robespierre continues his lunatic ways and executes Danton's supporters as well. -
Robespierre is Arrested and Guillotined
It seems as though Robespierre had gone too far, and too radical for the rest of the government and was executed without trial hours after the arrest. His supporters followed him to the guillotine, and soon the government became much less radical in a movement called the directory. -
Napoleon Given Command of French Army in Italy
Napoleon begins to work his way up the ranks in the military, and also earns the respect of many by winning many battles with his new army. -
Napoleon Stages a Coup d'etat.
Napoleon stages a coup d'etat, or seize of power, in the French Directory and is elected First Consul. -
Napoleon Restructures French Educational System
Napoleon begins to turn France to a well run machine, restructuring many of the systems, starting with the educational system. -
Napoleon Introduces "La Code Napoleon"
Napoleon introduces his own civil code, or "La Code Napoleon", which proves to be very revolutionary for not only France but the entire world. It recognizes all men equal, and forbade privilages based on birth. It also specified that positions should go to the men most qualified, and that all men have the right to their own religion. This code is the basis to even our society today. -
Napoleon Crowns Himself Emporer
In the company of the Pope, who was supposed to crown Napoleon, Napoleon crowns himself and soon after crowns his wife Empress. -
The Continental System is Issued
In the Berlin Decree, Napoleon's continental system is put into action. -
Napoleon Invades Russia
In one of the biggest mistakes of his rule, Napoleon invades Russia with the Grande Armée, the largest army ever. Little does Napoleon know that on the dawn of winter, King Alexander of Russia has a few tricks up his sleeve. -
Napoleon Captures Moscow
Napoleon and his Grand Armée arrive in Moscow only to find the city has been evacuated and any food or resources burned or missing. -
The Beggining of the Great Retreat
With no food or resources in Moscow or any of the surrounding cities, Napoleon and his Grand Armée are forced to retreat in the midst of the frigid winter. They suffer great losses due to the cold, as well as the lack of food. -
Napoleon is Exiled to Elba
After many losses, Napoleon is captured by his enemies and is exiled to an island off the coast of Italy. In his absence, Louis XVIII is returned to the throne and a constitutional monarchy is put in place. -
Napoleon Arrives in Paris and Recaptures the Throne
Hearing word that the people of France are longing for Napoleon once more and wish to abolsih the monarhcy, Napoleon escapes Elba and heads for France. The army sent to capture him welcomes him and is placed on the Throne once more. -
Battle of Waterloo
Fearful that Napoleon may rule Europe once more, other coutnries join forces and attack Napoleon. Napoleon is crushed by the Prussians and English at Waterloo, effectively ending his mere 100 day rule. -
Napoleon is Exiled to St. Helena
King Louis XVIII is returned to the throne once more and Napoleon is sent to St. Helena, which as they say is 1000 miles from no where. There is no escape for Napoleon. -
Napoleon dies at St. Helena
After a glorious fall from power, Napoleon finally dies at the tiny island of St. Helena at 52 years of age. -
George and Robert Stephenson Invent the "Rocket" Engine
The Rocket was a new machine that could pull a small train at a speed of 39km/h, which was completely unheard of at that time. Railways began to spring up everwhere and now transportation was much faster thatn it had ever been before.
