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Charles II Death
Known as "the Bewitched" .Toward the end of his life Charles' fragile health deteriorated and he became increasingly hypersensitive and strange. No having sucessors led to Charles naming his 16-year-old grand-nephew, Philip, Duke of Anjou as his successor. -
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Philip V
Last monarch of the Austrians -
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Spanish Sucession
Charles II, king of Spain, died in 1700 without an heir.
In his will he gave the crown to the French prince Philip of Anjou.Philip's grandfather, Louis XIV of France, then proclaimed him king of Spain, and declared that France and Spain would be united.
France was feared already so this led to the other kingdoms to stop him. War broke resulting Louis´s grandson, Philip, ruling after all Spain on the condition that Spain and France would never be united. -
Treaty of Utrech
The British and their allies achieved the major aims expressed at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession. The French were driven from the Spanish Netherlands, which went to the Emperor. They lost their foothold in Italy, and accepted - as did the Spanish - that the crowns of the two countries would never be united. -
Treaty of Utrech 2
The treaty expanded the British empire in the following ways: Britain acquired Gibraltar and Minorca,
valuable trading concessions in Spanish America, and
the island of St. Kitt's in the West Indies.
In North America, France recognised the British claim to the Hudson Bay territory, and
ceded mainland Acadia (modern Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) to Britain, but not Cape Breton. -
Pragmatic Sanction
Since their marriage in 1708, Charles and his wife Elizabeth Christine had not had children, and since 1711 Charles had been the sole surviving male member of the House of Habsburg. Because Salic law precluded female inheritance, Charles VI needed to take extraordinary measures to avoid a succession dispute. Charles VI was ultimately succeeded by his elder daughter. Despite the Pragmatic Sanction, however, her accession in 1740 resulted in the outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession. -
First Family Compact
It was made by King Philip V of Spain and King Louis XV of France.
Louis XV had married Maria Leszczyńska, the daughter of King Stanislaus I of Poland. Because of this marriage alliance France became involved in the War of the Polish Succession in 1733.Philip V formed a plan to use this conflict to win back lost territory in Italy for his sons. He allied Spain to France. Because of his close relationship with Louis XV their alliance became known as the Family Compact. -
Second Family Compact
The second Family Compact was made again by King Philip V of Spain and King Louis XV of France. his pact was signed in the middle of the War of Austrian Succession, and most of its clauses had to do with the conduct of the war. The result was the expansion of Spanish influence in Italy when Philip V's fourth son Philip, became in 1748 Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla. -
Second Treaty of San Ildefonso
France and Spain would become allies and combine their forces against the British Empire. -
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Charles III of Spain
In 1734, as Duke of Parma, he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily, and was crowned king on 3 July 1735, reigning as Charles VII of Naples and Charles V of Sicily. As king of Spain Charles III tried to rescue his empire from decay through far-reaching reforms such as weakening the Church and its monasteries, promoting science and university research, facilitating trade and commerce, modernizing agriculture and avoiding wars. -
Third Family Compact
during the Seven Years War , a treaty between the French and Spanish Bourbons providing for mutual support in the event that one side or the other should be attacked. The Family Compact, which was signed on August 15, was directed against Great Britain. Under a secret agreement concluded at the same time, France transferred to Spain the island of Menorca, which had been seized from the English, and Spain pledged to declare war on Great Britain -
Treaty of Paris
It was signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War and led to era of British dominance outside Europe. The once-proud Spanish empire was virtually dissolved as the United States took over much of Spain’s overseas holdings. Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States, the Philippines were bought for $20 million -
Esquilache Riots
The Esquilache Riots occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding Spaniards' apparel that had been enacted by Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache, a Neapolitan minister whom Charles favored, -
Jesuist expelled by Bourbons
The inspiration for this measure was due to a political doctrine denominated "regalismo" which defined the right of the national state to interfere,organize and recibe the national church´s incomes. The jesuists were expelled mainly because their loyalty to the Pope and not to the King. The expulsion of a loyal order like the jesuists one was economically good, because reinforced the power of the monarch and because,the state could administrate the order wealths as they wanted to. -
American Declaration of Independence
Throughout the 1760s and early 1770s, the North American colonists found themselves increasingly at odds with British imperial policies regarding taxation and frontier policy. When repeated protests failed to influence British policies, conflicts between them started.The American Declaration of Independence was not issued until 15 months after the War of Independence had begun. -
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Charles IV
Even though he kept up the appearance of an absolute, powerful monarch, Charles never took more than a passive part in his government. The affairs of government were left to his wife, Maria Luisa, and his prime minister, while he occupied himself with hunting. In 1792, political and personal enemies ousted Floridablanca from office, replacing him with the Count of Aranda. In the wake of a war against France, Count of Aranda was replaced by Manuel de Godoy, a favourite of the Queen. -
Storming of Bastielle
The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy’s dictatorial rule, and the event became one of the defining moments in the Revolution that followed. -
Execution of Louis XVI (2)
On January 20, 1793, the National Convention condemned Louis XVI to death, his execution scheduled for the next day. Louis spent that evening saying goodbye to his wife and children. The following day dawned cold and wet. Louis arose at five. At eight o'clock a guard of 1,200 horsemen arrived to escort the former king on a two-hour carriage ride to his place of execution. Accompanying Louis, at his invitation, was a priest, Henry Essex Edgeworth, an Englishman living in France. -
Execution of Louis XVI (3)
Edgeworth recorded the event:
I feared for a moment that his courage might fail. I felt that he suddenly let go my arm, and I saw him cross with a firm foot the breadth of the whole scaffold. I heard him pronounce distinctly these memorable words: 'I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France.' -
King Louis XVI of France Execution
Louis XVI arrived in the wrong historical place at the wrong time and soon found himself overwhelmed by events beyond his control. Ascending the throne in 1774, Louis inherited a realm driven nearly bankrupt through the opulence of his predecessors Louis XIV and XV. After donning the crown, things only got worse. The economy spiraled downward , crops failed, the price of bread and other food soared. The people were not happy. To top it off, Louis marry a foreigner, the Austrian Marie Antoinette -
War of Pyrenees (1793-1795)
On 21 -1-1793, the National Convention of France executed King Louis XVI by guillotine, enraging the other monarchs of Europe. France was already at war with Habsburg Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. After winning the Battle of Jemappes, the French army occupied the Austrian Netherlands. The government decreed annexation of the territory , provoking a diplomatic break with Great Britain.On 7 March, France declared war on her ancient ally Spain. -
War of Pyrenees 2
In 1793, a Spanish army invaded Roussillon in the eastern Pyrenees and maintained itself on French soil through April 1794. The French army drove the Spanish back into Catalonia and inflicted a serious defeat on it in November 1794. After February 1795, the war in the eastern Pyrenees became a stalemate. In the western Pyrenees, the French began to win in 1794. By 1795, the French army concontrolled a portion of northeast Spain. -
Napoleon First Consul
After The Reign Of Terror followed by the Directory the government was really unestable until one of the five generals called Napoleon Bonaparte for help. Napoleon make a coup détat and seize control of France. He was quikly admired by the nation who though he was the good one. -
Battle of Trafalgar
In one of the most decisive naval battles in history, a British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain.
Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain. Nelson, hailed as the savior of his nation, was given a magnificent funeral in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. A column was erected to his memory in the newly named Trafalgar Square, and numerous streets were renamed -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
In this treaty France forced Spain to jon in the invasion of Portugal. This led to French troops croosing all Spain and the invasion of it without any problems. The innvasion of Spain led top the abdication of Charles and Ferdinand and in their position he put his brother Joseph.
In this treaty we can see the great power that France had all over Spain. -
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Joseph Bonaparte
He was known has Pepe Botella or Pepe Plazuela.
After making Ferdinand and Charles abdicate Napoleon Bonaparte put his brother in the throne of Spain. The guerillas and the defeat of Joseph over British troops made his reign really difficult. He imposed the Bayonne Constitution where Ideas of Enlightment were impossed and their supporters were afrancesdos. His government coexisted with Ferdinand´s one in the no conquered Spanish areas. His army was pulled to the north until they were defeated. -
Abdications of Bayonne
Is the name given to the successive resignations of the kings Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII to the throne of Spain in favor of Napoleon Bonaparte, that next would yield the rights to its brother Joseph Bonaparte, who would reign with the name of Joseph I. -
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Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its ally until then. The war on the peninsula lasted until the defeated Napoleon in 1814, and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation. -
Riego´s Pronunciamiento
Was a militar “coup d´etat” , held by the commander Rafael de Riego in Sevilla, The pronunciamiento emerged between the officers of the troops destinated to fight against the american sublevation.
This pronunciamiento suposed la imposición of the Spanish liberalism to the absolutist regime of Ferdinand VII . The liberalists held the power according to the stablished in the Cortes de Cádiz, developing through laws and decrets the liberal constitution of1812, -
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Isabel II
She was queen regnant of Spain .Isabella succeeded to the throne because Ferdinand VII had induced the Cortes Generales to help him set aside the Salic law. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868, and formally abdicated in 1870. Her son Alfonso XII became king in 1874. -
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Maria Cristina Regency
When Ferdinand died , she became regent for their daughter Isabella. Isabella's claim to the throne was disputed by her uncle, the Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed that his brother Ferdinand had unlawfully changed the succession law to permit females to inherit the crown.Carlos' attempt to seize power resulted in the Carlist Wars. Despite the support for Carlos from the Roman Catholic Church and conservative elements in Spain, she successfully retained the throne for her daughter -
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First Carlist War
In 1830 the new queen got pregnant, opening new possibilities for Ferdinand's direct descendants and 6 months before she gives birth, the king publishes the Salic Law (which excluded women from having access to the throne).The king died only three years later and little Isabella II, at the tender age of 3 was proclaimed queen with her mother Mara Cristina de Borbón y Dos Sicilias as regent.Infant Carlos, Count of Molina had not recognized the child as queen and thus the war started for the thron -
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Second Carlist War
Carlos V had "abdicated" in favour of his son Carlos VI, who "ascended to the throne" at 27. This was done so Carlos would be able to marry Isabella. However the government rejected him and instead supported the marriage of Isabella with her cousin Francisco, whose sexuality was largely questioned. Thus began a conspiracy for Carlos to ascend to power, repeating once more the intensive Spanish experience in war: the Second Carlist War. -
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Third Carlist War
The third Carlist war took place when the Carlist forces rejected the proclamation of Amadeus of Savoy as king, the first non-Bourbon monarch, who ascended as Amadeus I. The carlist pact with the republicans. In 1872 several carlist troops enter Spain through France as the pretenders entourage and began uprisings in the Basque Country and Navarre. -
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First Republic 1
The first republican attempt in the history of Spain was a short experience, characterized by profound political and social instability and violence. The Republic was governed by four distinct presidents—Estanislao Figueras, Pi i Margall, Nicolás Salmerón, Emilio Castelar; then, only eleven months after its proclamation, General Manuel Pavía led a coup d'état and established a unified republic dominated by Francisco Serrano. -
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First Republic
The period was marked by three civil wars: Third Carlist War, Cantonal Revolution, Petroleum Revolution in Alcoy; and by the Ten Years' War in Cuba. The gravest problems for the consolidation of the regime were the lack of true republicans, their division between federalists and unitarians, and the lack of popular support.
