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SANDHURST MANIFIESTO
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo promised a constitutional government in the manifiesto of Sandhurst. It is a document of a political nature signed in 1874. In the document Alfonso de Borbon showed his willingness to become king of Spain, being a supporter of a parliamentary monarchy. -
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REIGN OF ALFONSO XII
The monarchy of 1875 was restored under Alfonso XII and gave way to the Restoration. -
PSOE IS FOUNDED
Pablo Iglesias founded the Spanish Socialist Workers´Party and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement. The party grew slowly at first, partly because the UGT had to compete with the anarchist trade union confederation in organizing the working class. It was also hampered by its rigid Marxist ideology -
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REGENCY OF MARIA CHRISTINA
The regency begins when Alfonso XII dies ,and ends in 1902 when Alfonso XIII turns sixteen and swear the Constitution of 1876. -
BASES DE MANRESA
The Catalan nationalism demanded the official status for Catalan language,the establishment of Catalan political parties,courts and autonomy,and in 1892 were declared in the Bases of Manresa. -
TREATY OF PARIS
The U.S. destroyed the spanish fleets and this forced Spain to sign the Treaty of Paris,where they recognised the independence of Cuba,Philippines and Puerto Rico.Was the peace treaty signed in 1898 by Spain and the U.S that ended the Spanish-American War. The terms also ended the age of Spanish imperialism and established the United States as a world power. -
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REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII
Alfonso XII began his reign when he come on age in 1902,this coincided with the crisis triggered by the disaster of 1898.His mother maintained the Restoration when he was still a child, the dynastic parties made reforms in an effort to regenerate their political power, but the Restoration was unable to accommodate the opposition.Alfonso XII tried to implement measures to regenerate the country. -
TRAGIC WEEK
In 1909,Spain’s political environment was damaged by the popular uprising in Barcelona known as the Tragic Week.Was caused by opposition to the recruitment of soldiers for the war in Morocco ,it became a anti-military and anti-clerical revolt.The uprising was suppresed by the army, and the resulting repression was disproportionate.The king ordered the formation of a new government led by Canalejas (Liberal Party)but he was assassinated in 1912, this led the conservatives back to power. -
DISASTER OF ANNUAL
In the Rif Spain suffered a defeat against Morroco,this war had like a result 10000 deaths. -
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DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
Rivera regime suspended the Constitution and dissolved the Cortes, the reduction of freedoms also affected.Established a single political party
( Patriotic Union ) and the National Consultative.
There was some economic growth taking advantage of the international boom, public works were undertaken.
The dictatorship had two different governments( Military Directory , Civil Directory ). Spain recovered its prestige with the Alhucemas landing , establishing effective control over the protectorate. -
PROCLAMATION OF THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
The citizens disapproval of the Alfonso XII support for the dictatorship and led to Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections.Alfonso XII went into exile and after the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Second Republic was declared.Attempts to set up a genuine democracy were met with massive resistance from more consecutive sectors ,who staged a coup and the failure of this coup led to a Civil War with terrible consequences. -
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SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
A provisional governemet was formed that was made up of Republicans,nationalits and socialists.The new government launched several reforms requested by a broad segment of the population:it legalised political parties; it granted amnesty for political prisoners of the dictatorship ;it passed broad social laws.However had its problems ,convents were set on fire for their support of the monarchy. The left-wing parties won a majority and formed a new constitution,the Constitution of 1931. -
OCTOBER REVOLUTION
The majority of the prevous reforms ,that led to an increase in stricks and more actions by left-wing parties were halted by the new government,led to the October Revolution of 1934which was most intense in Barcelona an Asturias.And is known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution . -
BOMBING OF GERNIKA
Was an aerial bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War,by the German air force´s Condor Legion on 26 April 1937.It was carried out, at the behest of Francisco Franco's rebel Nationalist faction, by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria'. -
TRAGIC SPRING
Was a workers revolution,consisting of a wave of street violence and attacks between communist,staunch falangist and anarchist activists,that began during the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. -
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR
On the night of 17 July 1936 started the Spanish Civil War by rebelling against the Second Republic. The objective was the destruction of left-wing organisations and the struggle represent the fight against fascism.The war began after a pronunciamiento against the Republican government by a group of generals. -
END OF THE CIVIL WAR
The Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936, when Generals Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco began an uprising to overthrow the democratically elected Republic ,and finally ended after three years of conflict, the civil war between the Republicans and the rebel side,ended with the victory of the national side directed by General Francisco Franco.