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Period: 1492 to
Modern history
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John Kay’s flying shuttle
The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It was patented by John Kay in 1733. -
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First Industrial Revolution
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Enclousure Acts
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James Watt’s steam engine
The engineer James Watt created the revolutionary steam engine. -
Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations
First published in 1776, the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth, and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. -
Invention of the power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. -
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Constitutional Monarchy
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French revolution
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Contemporary history
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Estates-General meeting
It was a meeting chaired by king and made up of representatives of the 3 states to decide if privilege people have to pay taxes. -
Tennis Court Oath (Proclamation of the National Assembly)
The Third estate met in a pavilion in Versales and proclaimed the themselves the National Asembly to get a constitution that reflected the eill of the majority of French people. -
Stoming of Bastille
The people of Paris that supported the Assembly's ideas stormed the Bastille. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
It recognised the rights, individual freedoms and equality of all the citizens in law and taxation. -
Women’s March on Versailles
Thousands of angry women due to high prices of food marched to Versailles. They forced the king to abandon his palace and move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. -
First French constitution
It was a constitutiom based on the separation of powera, national sovergnithy and legal equality. A census suffrage was introduced. -
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Social Republic
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Girondin Convention
Girondins (moderete bourgeoisie) controlled the republic. -
War of the First Coalition
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Storm of Tuileries Palace
The sans-culottes (common people) imprisioned the royal family. -
Period: to
Jacobin Convention and the Reign of Terror
Jacobins (radical bourgeoisie) controlled the Republic. -
Execution of Louis XVI
King Louis XVI is executed. -
Period: to
Conservative Republic
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The Consulate
The Consulate was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire until the start of the Napoleonic Empire. -
Coup of 18th Brumaire
Napoleon Bonaparte leaded a coup to end with the Directory -
Constitution of 1800
It was a new political system established by Napoleon that didn't include the separation of powers or a declaration of rights. -
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The Napoleonic Empire
It starts when Napoleon was crowned emperor by the Pope in 1804 until his abdication in 1815. -
Napoleon crowned emperor
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Treaty of Fontainebleau
This treaty was signed in 1807 and it allowed French troops pass through Spain to invade Portugal. -
Invasion of Spain and Joseph Bonaparte crowned king
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Abdications of Bayonne
Napoleon Bonaparte persuaded Charles IV and Fernidand VII to give the Spanish crown to his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, in Bayonne in 1808. -
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War of Independece
Spanish independence from France begins in 1808 with a popular revolt the 2 of May and since then until 1814,when the got the independence, the Spanish patriots fought for their freedom. -
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Luddite movement
Luddism was a movement led by English artisans in the 19th century, who protested between 1811 and 1816 against new machines that destroyed jobs. -
1812 Spanish Constitution
In 1812, representative of the Juntas throughout the country met in Cádiz and drafted the first Spanish Constitution called "La Pepa". -
Treaty of Valençay
In 1813, Spain and French signed the Treaty of Valençay, wich led Fernidand VII return o the Spanish throne and restore the absolutism. -
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Reign of Ferdinand VII
Fernidand VII return to the throne after the Treaty the Valençay in december of 1813 and govern Spain until 1833. -
Manifiesto de los Persas
The Manifiesto de los Persas was a document signed , 1814, by which the absolutist asked King Fernando VII to suppress the Constitution of Cádiz of 1812 as well as all the decrees approved by this. -
Congress of Vienna and Holy Alliance Treaty
The most power Europe's kingdoms met in this congress to reshaped the European map and to sing the holy alliance. -
Congress of Vienna and Holy alliance treaty
In 1815, the powers that defeated Napoleon met at the congress of Vienna to stop the spread of liberal ideas. The Holy aliance was a traty that said that the absolute monarchies had to help each other aganist the liberal revolutions. -
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The Restoration of absolutism
The Congress of Vienna restore the absolutism in Europe -
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Restoration of absolutism
In 1815 the principals monarchies of Europe (France,Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria) met in the congress of Vienna to stop the spread of liberal ideas and restore absolutism in Europe. -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleonic empire was defeated by Great Britain and Prussia. -
Pronunciamiento of Colonel Rafael del Riego
This was a military revolt led by Colonel Rafael del Riego that was succesful and forced Fernidand to reinstate the Constitution of 1812. -
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Greek Independence war
The greeks started a war to independence from the Ottoman Empire because they had different cultures and the greeks can not participate in the government. -
Holy Alliance intervention: Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
In 1823 the Holly Alliance send the army known as the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis to restore the absolutism in Spain. -
Abolishment of the Combination Acts
The acts were repealed in 1824 as the result of a campaign led by the radical London tailor and political agitator Francis Place and the radical member of Parliament Joseph Hume. -
Stephenson’s Steam locomotive
Stephenson created one of the first steam locomotives, which used a steam engine to generate continous motion of the wheels. -
Revolutions of 1830
The people with liberal ideas opposed to absolutism. -
Revolution of 1830
Was a liberal revolutionary movement on France were the king Charles X was overthrown and Louis Phelippe I became the new constitutional monarch. -
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The Age of the revolutions
A time of revolutions aganist the absolute monarchy -
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Age of Revolutions
Was a period of liberal revolutions in Europe to abolish the absolutism. -
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The Belgian Revolution
Belgium started a revolution in 1830 to reach the independence from the Kingdom of Netherlands and in 1839 Netherlands reconised it. -
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First Carlist Wars
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840. It was a fought between two factions over the succession to the throne of the Spanish monarchy: the conservative supporters of the king's brother, Charles, became known as Carlists, while the progressive supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called Liberals or Isabelinos. -
Zollverein
The Zollverein was created byPrussia and was a customs union that united the majority of Germanic states. -
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union of 1834 was an early attempt to form a national union confederation in the United Kingdom. -
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German Unification process
It began in 1834 with the Zollverein and it was a process organised by Prussia to unificate German Confederation that finished in 1871 when they finally finished the unification. -
1837 Constitution
The Spanish Constitution of 1837 was the constitution of Spain from 1837 to 1845. Its principal legacy was to restore the most progressive features of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and to entrench the concepts of constitutionalism, parliamentarism, and separation of powers in Spain. -
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Reign of Isabella II
She became queen of Spain with only 13 years old and she governed the country until the Glorious Revolution of 1868. -
1845 Constitution
The Constitution of 1845 replaced the more liberal constitution established in 1837. Imposed by the Moderate Party when it took control of parliament, the Constitution of 1845 drastically constricted suffrage, among other changes. -
Revolutions of 1848
This revolutions showed how countries under the control of empires wanted to purse the idea of nationalism and the creation of new liberal goverments. -
Revolutions of 1848
In this year there were liberal revolutions in some contries of Europe like in Austria, Hungary, Italy, the German Confederation and Bohemia. -
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French Second Republic
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French Second Republic
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Invention of the Bessemer converter
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. -
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Italian Unification Process
It was a process started by the Piedmont Kingdom to unificate Italy. -
First International
The International Workingmen's Association, often called the First International, was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist[1] and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. -
Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital
In Das Kapital, Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value. -
Start of the monarchy of Amadeo of Savoy
Amadeo I of Savoy was an Italian prince who was selected to reign in Spain between 1870 to 1873 after the Glorious Revolution and the Constitution of 1869. -
Proclamation of the First Republic
After the abdication of Amadeo of Savoy in 1873 the Cortes introduced the Republic which ended in 1874. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
After the Republic Alfonso XII will govern in Spain until his dead in 1885. During this period will be drafted the Constitution of 1876 -
Second International
The Second International was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at a Paris meeting in which delegations from twenty countries participated.The Second International continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and trade unions.
