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Conception
A single sperm from the father is accepted by the mother's egg. Within 12 hours, the nucleus of the sperm has combined with that of the egg, forming a zygote. -
Embryo
Around 10 days after conception, the zygote attaches to the uterine wall and becomes an embryo. -
Fetus
9 weeks after attaching to the uterine wall, the embryo has developed into a fetus. -
Birth
At this point in life, parents have the most affect on the child's emotional state. The child will develop optimism, trust, confidence, and security if properly cared for and handled. If a child does not experience trust, he or she may develop insecurity, worthlessness, and general mistrust to the world. -
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Infancy (Birth-18 Months Old) [Erikson]
At this stage, major emphasis is on the parents' care for the child, especially in terms of visual contact and touch. The child will develop optimism, trust, confidence, and security if properly cared for and handled. If a child does not experience trust, he or she may develop insecurity, worthlessness, and general mistrust to the world. -
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Oral Stage (0-1 Years Old) [Freud]
In the first stage of personality development the libido is centered in a baby's mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido. Children at this stage in life are oral, with mouth-orientated tendencies such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding. -
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Anal Stage (1-3 Years Old) [Freud]
This stage coincides with Erikson's toddler stage. At this stage, the libido focused on the anus and the child derives great pleasure from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world. The parents' potty training techniques can influence the child's personality later in life. -
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Toddler Years (1-3 Years Old) [Erikson]
The toddler stage lasts from ages 1 to 3. At this point, the child has the ability to learn right from wrong. The child is able to learn new skills. Defiance, tantrums, stubbornness, and vulnerability can appear. -
Preschooler (3 to 5 years old)
During this period the preschooler want to and tries to copy the adults around them and takes initiative in creating play situations. They make up stories experimenting with the blueprint for what we believe it means to be an adult. They begin using the work "WHY" a lot. If they are frustrated over natural desires and goals, they may easily experience guilt. The most significant relationship is with the basic family. -
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Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old) [Freud]
The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls). -
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School-Age Child (6-12 Years Old) [Erikson]
During this stage, we are capable of learning, creating and accomplishing numerous new skills and knowledge. This is also a social stage of development and if we don't make adequate social connections, we can have serious self-esteem problems. Our most significant relationship is with the school and neighborhood. Parents are no longer the complete authorities, though they're still important. -
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Latency Stage (6 Years Old-Puberty) [Freud]
No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage, and the libido is dormant. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during the latent stage and sexual energy can be sublimated towards school work, hobbies and friendships. Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender. -
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Genital Stage (Puberty-Death) [Freud]
This is the last stage of Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development and begins in puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with a partner. Following this resolution, an adult will gradually become less sexually active, with decreasing libido, until death. -
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Adolescent (12-18 Years Old) [Erikson]
At this stage, development now depends primarily upon what a person does. An adolescent must struggle to discover their own identity, while struggling with social interactions and “fitting in”, and developing a sense of morality and right from wrong. Adolescents begin to develop a strong devotion to ideals, causes, and friends. -
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Young Adult (18-35 Years Old) [Erikson]
This stage lasts from ages 18 to 35. At the young adult stage, people tend to seek companionship and love. Some also begin to “settle down” and start families, although seems to have been pushed back farther in recent years. -
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Middle-Age Adult (35-60 Years Old) [Erikson]
Career and family are the most important things at this stage. Middle adulthood is also the time when people can take on greater responsibilities, work to establish stability, and produce something that makes a difference to society. Inactivity and meaninglessness are common fears during this stage. Major life shifts such as children leaving the household, career changes and so on occur during this stage. Significant relationships are those within the family, workplace, and other communities. -
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Late Adult (60 Years Old-Death) [Erikson]
Erikson believed that much of life is preparing for the middle adulthood stage and the last stage involves much reflection. As older adults, some can look back with a feeling of integrity, having led a meaningful and valuable life. Others may have a sense of despair, reflecting upon their experiences and failures. They may fear death as they struggle to find a purpose to their lives, wondering “What was the point of life? Was it worth it?”
