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Period: to
Sudan Conflict
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Conflict in Darfur begins
In 2003, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups took up arms against Khartoum. Like the South, the rebel groups in Darfur accused the Khartoum government of politically and economically marginalising the non-Arab population of the region. In response, Khartoum armed the nomadic Arab Rizeigat and Misseriya “Janjaweed” militias to fight the non-Arab Fur and Zaghawa populations of Darfur. -
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed
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Darfur Peace Agreement
The 2006 Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) splintered the SLM/A in two factions; the SLM/A-Minni Minawi faction that signed the DPA, and the SLM/A-Al Nour faction that, like the JEM, refused to sign. -
UNAMID deployed in Darfur
The agreement failed, and a joint UN and African Union peacekeeping force (UNAMID) was deployed in Darfur in 2008. -
President Bashir conivcted of war crimes
In 2009 the International Criminal Court indicted President Bashir on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, with three counts of genocide later added. -
Abyei oil field division
In 2009, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled that the biggest oil fields in Abyei would remain a part of Sudan, while its other areas join South Sudan. -
Doha Document for Peace
2011 Doha Document for Peace in Darfur, signed by the Government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement. But neither the SLM/A or JEM signed, and this agreement also failed to halt the violence. -
SRF Formed
In 2011 an agreement was reached between the NCP and SPLM-N in Addis Ababa, but was subsequently rejected by al-Bashir as it was not received well by NCP hardliners. In November of that year, the rebel groups of Darfur and the southern provinces united into the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF). -
UNISFA deployed in Abyei
In June 2011 the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) was deployed. Peace talks led to an agreement on the establishment of a demilitarised border zone, but the referendum has been repeatedly delayed. -
New Dawn peace agreement
The SRF agreed to the New Dawn agreement in January 2013, calling for a democratic, multicultural and multi-ethnic Sudan. This prompted the Government of Sudan to form the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), widely seen as the renewed Janjaweed paramilitary force, and deploy them to the southern peripheries to start a “Decisive Summer” offensive, with the purpose of ending the conflict militarily. -
Sudan Call declaration formed
Talks in many forms continue, and at the end of 2014 the SRF, NCF and civil society signed the latest communiqué, the Sudan Call declaration, calling for the end of war, the dismantlement of the one-party state and a comprehensive peace and democratic transition. -
Abyei declared to remain in Sudan
In March 2015, amid new tensions, President Al-Bashir declared that Abyei would always remain Sudanese territory