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Marbury VS. Madison
John Marshall
William Marbury was an intended recipient of an appointment as justice of the peace. Marbury applied directly to the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of mandamus to compel Jefferson's Secretary of State, James Madison, to deliver the commissions.
resulted in establishment of the concept of judicial review.
U.S. Const. arts. I, III; Judiciary Act of 1789 § 13 -
McCulloch VS Maryland YELLOW
a. 1819? B. The cashier refused to pay the taxes that went to the bank C. McCulloh won the case D. Supremacy clause, article VI -
Gibbons VS Ogden
A. 1824 Feb. 3rd
B. Steamboat owner did his business under a federal coastal licence challenged the monopoly licence. C. He won
D. commerce clause, article 1 -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Roger B. Taney
a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen
Supreme Court ruled an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional.
U.S. Const. amend. V -
Reynolds v. United States
Morrison Waite
Palligamie
The Court affirmed Reynolds's conviction unanimously
Sect. 5352 of the Revised Statutes -
Plessy VS Ferguson
Melville Fuller
Homer Adolph Plessy, who was seven-eighths Caucasian, took a seat in a "whites only" car of a Louisiana train. He refused to move to the car reserved for blacks and was arrested.
Equal but separate accommodations for whites and blacks imposed by Louisiana do not violate the the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
U.S. Const. amend. XIV; 1890 La. Acts 152 -
Schenck v. US
Edward D. White
Schenck mailed circulars to draftees. The circulars suggested that the draft was a monstrous wrong motivated by the capitalist system.
defendants who distributed leaflets to draft-age men, urging resistance to induction, could be convicted of an attempt to obstruct the draft, a criminal offense
First Amendment -
Wesberry v. Sanders
Earl Warren
Wesberry filed against the governor of Georgia because of the apportionment scheme.
Court held that Georgia’s apportionment scheme was unfair to the voters in the 5th congressional district.
Articles 1 and 2 -
Griswold v. Connecticut
Earl Warren
Griswold and a colleague were giving information to married couples about how to prevent conception.
Case became null and void because of statute conflicts in Connecticut.
Amendments 1,3,4,5,9,14 -
US v. Nixon
Warren E. Burger
If the president of the United States have privileges that place him above the law
The courts decided that the Nixon had the right to withhold some information, but he wasn’t above the law. He had to provide the tapes and documents that were essential to the case.
Article 2, Section 1 -
Buckely v. Valeo
Warren E. Burger
Congress was trying to ferret out corruption in political campaigns by restricting financial contributions to candidates
It is okay to regulate campaign contributions but not expenditures.
First amendment -
UC Regents v. Bakke
Warren E. Burger
Allan Bakke, a 35 year old white man was rejected from UC Regents twice and he contended that he was excluded solely on race.
Bakke was admitted and the courts wanted to change the school's policy on race being a factor to get in.
Civil rights act of 1964 -
Webster v. Reproductive Health
William Rehnquist
The state of Missouri enacted legislation to put restrictions on abortions.
They agreed to uphold the viability testing requirements.
14th amendment -
Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith
William Rehnquist
Two Native American counselors at a private drug rehabilitation facility were fired because they ingested peyote, a hallucinogen.
The court has never allowed an individual's religious belief to excuse them from otherwise prohibited conduct that the government is free to regulate.
Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment -
Texas v. Johnson
William Rehnquist
Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American Flag in front of Dallas City Hall in Texas as a means of protest against the Reagan Administration policies. He was sentenced to one year in jail and a $2,000 fine.
Johnson was protected under the first amendment right to expressive conduct, authorities cannot limit expression because society deems it offensive.
First Amendment -
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
William Rehnquist
Pennsylvania amended its abortion control law to require consent and a 24 hour waiting period before the procedure. Underage girls needed consent of one parent and married women needed proof they told their husbands.
Everything except the husband notification was deemed an undue-burden.
14th amendment -
Shaw v. Reno
William Rehnquist
North Carolina's reapportionment plan was rejected because of it only having one black-majority district. They created a second plan but five North Carolina Residents challenged the constitutionality of this district alleging that its only purpose was to secure the election of additional black representatives.
The district court will have to decide whether or not some compelling governmental interest justified North Carolina's plan.
14th amendment -
US v. Lopez
William Rehnquist
A 12th grade high school student brought a concealed weapon into his school in Texas. He was charged under Texas Law with firearm possession on school premises.
Those charges were dropped and he was federally charged with the federal statute the Gun Free School Zone Act of 1990 and sentenced to 6 months imprisonment and 2 years supervised release.
Gun-Free School Act of 1990 - 10th Amendment -
Clinton v. New York
William Rehnquist
The Supreme Court ruled that the line-item veto violated the presentment clause.
The Supreme Court ruled that the president would either have to approve or reject a bill as a whole.
5th Amendment -
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
William Rehnquist
A lawsuit about a student saying a prayer over the loudspeaker before home football games.
The court ruled that the policy allowing student led prayer at the football games as unconstitutional.
1st amendment -
Bush Vs Gore
William Rehnquist
The court was deciding if it was constitutional to count votes for the presidential election different in different counties.
Under the equal protection clause, Florida's Supreme Court scheme for recounting votes was unconstitutional.
14th amendment -
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
William Rehnquist
Ohio taxpayers sought to enjoin Ohio's Pilot Project Scholarship Program
The court decided that the Ohio Pilot Project Scholarship Program does not violate the Establishment Clause.
First amendment -
Gratz v. Bollinger
William Rehnquist
2 students were denied admittance to a college because of their race.
The way the college pick students for admittance does violate the equal protection clause.
14th amendment -
Grutter v. Bollinger
William Rehnquist
A white woman did not get into this college because of her race.
The court ruled that the way they decide to admit people is not unconstitutional because they very carefully review every student and they recognize the importance of diversity.
14th amendment -
Citizens United v FEC
John G. Roberts
The BCRA made a movie about if Hillary Clinton would make a good president and citizens argued that section 201 and 203 is unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court decided that movies and political campaigns cannot be limited because they are essential to democracy. But there needs to be a disclaimer so electorates know where the information stands.
First amendment -
Obergefell v. Hodges
John G. Roberts
Same sex couples fought that ban on same sex marriage was unconstitutional.
The courts decided it was unconstitutional to ban same sex marriage.
14th amendment
