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Nov 27, 1095
The Call For A Crusade
It was announced by Pope Urban II, at the Clermont in France, that a crusade against the Infidels (Non-Believers) would begin. -
Feb 9, 1096
The First Crusade
Led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse; the First Crusade's goal was to Free the Holy Lands. The Crusaders recaptured Nicaea successfully and restored much of western Anatolia. -
Jan 1, 1147
The Second Crusade
In 1147,The Second Crusade began as a response the forces of Zengi. His army conquered the Christian County of Edessa. The Crusaders were unsuccessful in recapturing Edessa because as Zengi enemy reinforcements arrived; they overpowered the Crusaders and they retreated. -
Feb 9, 1189
The Third Crusade
The Third Crusade was called after Jerusalem was captured in 1187 by Saladin. England, France and the Roman Empire joined forces to recapture the Holy Land of Jerusalem. Their war efforts were unsuccessful; instead a treaty was developed to grant Muslim control over Jerusalem. It also allowed unarmed Christian merchants and pilgrims to visit the city. -
Jan 1, 1202
The Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade expedition captured Constantinople of Jerusalem when Pope Innocent III revived the plans of Pope Urban II. -
Jan 1, 1212
The Children's Crusade
The Children's Crusade was led by Stephen of Cloyes who led the European Christians to regain the Holy Lands. Overall, it failed as their main strategy was to trick children. Merchants would convince them to sail over to what they thought were the holy lands but in reality, were slave markets. -
Jan 1, 1217
Minor Crusade- The Fifth Crusade
The Crusaders tried to conquer the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt in order to reclaim Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Lands. They failed and then surrendered. -
Jan 1, 1228
Minor Crusade - The Sixth Crusade
The first Crusade without direct support of the Papacy was led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1228. The Sixth Crusade succeeded in reclaiming Jerusalem. -
Jan 1, 1248
Minor Crusade - The Seventh Crusade
The French King Louis IX goal was to take overJerusalem and Egypt. At the time, both were under the Muslim Ayyubid Dynasty control. -
Jan 1, 1270
Minor Crusade - The Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade was launched against the city of Tunis but shortly after arriving on Tunis' shores the crusades efforts failed miserably. The army had become disease-ridden and they were forced to retreat back Europe. -
Jan 1, 1291
The End of The Great Crusades
After two-centuries of fighting and attempting to recover the Holy Land of Jerusalem, it finally ended in failure. The last Catholic outposts were dismantled in 1291. -
1300
References
Crusades. Retrieved from:
https://www.ancient.eu/Crusades/
Marshall W. Baldwin, Gary Dickson, Thomas F. Madden, (2019). Mayer, H. (1972). The crusades. New York: Oxford University Press. Crusades. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/event/Crusades History.com Editors, (2010). Tyerman, C. (2005). The crusades : A very short introduction (A very short introductions). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2005). Retrieved December 11, 2019, from INSERT-MISSING-DATABASE-NAME.
