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1418
Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school.
He opened the first school for oceanic navigation, where students could learn about map-making, scientific practices, astrology… -
1440
Gutenberg’s printing press
In Germany, around 1440, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. -
May 29, 1453
The Fall of Constantinople
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1474
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Florida and for serving as the first governor of Puerto Rico. -
Oct 12, 1492
The Discovery of América
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Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg
Martin Luther, a teacher and a monk, published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, or 95 Theses. The document was a series of 95 ideas about Christianity that he invited people to debate with him. -
1536
English king, Henry VIII starts the Church of England.
Henry had broken with Rome, seized assets of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. -
1545
Council of Trento mandates reforms in Catholic Church
It served to define Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform -
Thomas Newcomen
He was a blacksmith, an entrepreneur and a British inventor. -
Seven Years´War
The Seven Years' War was a series of international conflicts that took place between the beginning of 1756 and the end of 1763 called to establish control over Silesia and colonial supremacy in North America and India. -
James Hargreaves
James Hargreaves was a weaver, a carpenter and an English inventor, famous for creating the spinning Jenny. -
James Watt
James Watt was a Scottish mechanical engineer, inventor and chemist. It made water vapor improvements, which would be critical to the development of the first Industrial Revolution. -
James Darby
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Boston Tea Party
A group of settlers disguised as Amerindians threw the tea load of three British vessels at sea. It was an act of protest by US settlers against Britain and is considered a precedent of the US war of independence. -
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a body of representatives elected by the legislative bodies of the American colonies of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1774, except Georgia. On September 5, 1774, representatives of the colonial assemblies met in Philadelphia. -
Battle of Concord and Lexington
19 de abril de 1775
Some 700 regular British Army soldiers under the command of Lt. Col. Francis Smith captured and destroyed some military positions that were supporting the militia in Concord. -
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was a late-18th-century meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolutionary War. It convened in Philadelphia, then the federal capital, on May 10, 1775, with representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies. -
United States Declaration of Independence
The United States Declaration of Independence, officially The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, is the pronouncement and founding document adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Pennsylvania State House, which was later renamed Independence Hall, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -
George Washington crosses the Delaware
Planned in secrecy, Washington led a column of Continental Army troops from today's Bucks County, Pennsylvania across the icy Delaware River to today's Mercer County, New Jersey, in a logistically challenging and dangerous operation. -
French Treaty of Alliance
The American Colonies and France signed this military treaty on February 6, 1778. It formalized France's financial and military support of the revolutionary government in America. -
Samuel Crompton
Samuel Crompton was an English inventor, known for devising the first truly practical spinning machine, called "spinning mule." -
British surrendered in Yorktown
British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his army of some 8,000 men to General George Washington at Yorktown, giving up any chance of winning the Revolutionary War. -
Edmund Cratwright
He was an English cleric and inventor who created the first mechanical teller. -
Henry Cort
Henry Cort was an English businessman and metallurgical inventor. During the Industrial Revolution in England, Cort started refining iron and turning it from arrabios into forged iron using innovative production systems. -
The French Revolution
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Tennis Court Oath
among the 577 deputies of the third estate not to separate until endowing France with a Constitution , facing the pressure from the King of France Louis XVI . -
Louis XVI calls the Estates General (1789, Jan.24)
The political and financial situation in France had grown rather bleak, forcing Louis XVI to summon the Estates General. This assembly was composed of three estates – the clergy, nobility and commoners -
Louis XVI amd Marie Antoinette captured at Varennes
The Flight to Varennes, or the royal family's unsuccessful escape from Paris undermined the credibility of the king as a constitutional monarch and eventually led to the escalation of the crisis and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. -
Louis XVI amd Marie Antoinette captured at Varennes (, June 21)
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Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney was an American inventor and manufacturer. -
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI, king of France, was publicly executed on 21 January 1793 during the French Revolution at the Place de la Révolution in Paris. -
Nicolas Appert
Testo-Francisco Appert was a French confectionary master and cook inventor of the hermetic preservation method of food. -
Richard Trevithick
Richard Trevithick was an English inventor and engineer machine builder, who developed the first steam locomotive capable of working. -
Napoleon crowned as emperor
the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris was the stage on which the coronation of Napoleon I was played out, in the presence of Pope Pius VII. -
Victory of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. -
R. Fulton
Robert Fulton was an American engineer, entrepreneur and inventor, known for having developed the first steam boat. -
Beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808, May 2)
The Peninsular War was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. -
Beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808, May 2)
The Peninsular War was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. -
Battle of Bailen
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Luddite rebellion in Great Britain
Political reform in 19th century Britain. The machine-breaking disturbances that rocked the wool and cotton industries were known as the 'Luddite riots'. -
Battle of the Nations (Leipzig)
The Battle of Leipzig also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest armed confrontation of all the Napoleonic Wars and the most important battle lost by Napoleon Bonaparte . -
Exile of Napoleon in Elba
On April 11, 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in the Treaty of Fontainebleau -
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was a town in present-day Belgium about twenty kilometres south of Brussels, in which the French army, commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, was confronted with British, Dutch and German troops -
Napoleon´s death at St. Helena
Napoleon was only 51 when he died on the island of St. Helena, where he was out of power and exiled from his beloved France. -
George Stephenson
George Stephenson was a British mechanical engineer and civil engineer who built the world's first public railway line -
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was a British scientist who studied electromagnetism and electrochemistry. -
John Deere
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Samuel Morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse was an American inventor and painter who, along with his associate Alfred Vail, invented and installed a telegraphy system in the United States. -
Antonio Meucci
Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci was an Italian inventor and engineer who immigrated to the United States, was the creator of the “teletrophone”, later named “telephone”, among other technical innovations. -
Henry Bessemer
Sir Henry Bessemer was a British inventor of French descent, whose steel manufacturing process would become the most important technique for producing steel in the 19th century. -
Woodrow wilson
As President of the United States, he changed economic policy and led the country to World War I in 1917. He conducted an interventionist foreign policy in Ibero-America aimed at changing American public opinion to intervene in Great War. -
John Joseph Pershing
Best known as John J. Pershing or his nickname Black Jack, he was an American army officer. Pershing is the only U.S. military who ever reached the rank of Army General, only surpassed by George Washington -
First subway of the world in London
work began on the first attempt to solve the problem: the world's first underground railway. -
David Lloyd George
He was one of the most famous radicals of the 20th century and the first and only Welshman to hold the place of Prime Minister in the United Kingdom. He leaded the UK during WW1 for social-reform policies, for his role in the Paris Peace Conference and for negotiating the establishment of the Irish free state. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
On 28 June 1914, Francisco Fernando and his wife were killed by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia-Herzegovina. This was one of the triggers of World War I. -
Charles Tellier
Louis Abel Charles Tellier was a French engineer, constructor, in 1858, of the first industrial refrigeration machine. -
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone that had been invented by Antonio Meucci
Alexander Graham Bell, who conducted experiments in the same laboratory where Meucci's materials had been stored, was granted a patent and was thereafter credited with inventing the telephone. -
Thomas Alba Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor, scientist and entrepreneur. -
Karl Benz
Karl Friedrich Benz, better known as Karl Benz or Carl Benz, was a German engineer and inventor, known for having created the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1886 with his wife. -
Wright Brothers
The Wright Brothers, Wilbur and Orville were two aviators, engineers, inventors and pioneers of aviation, usually named together. -
Battle of verdun
First world war in which the French rejected a major German offensive. It was one of the longest, bloody and fierce battles of the war; the French casualties amounted to some 400,000, the German to some 350,000. Some 300,000 civilians died. -
First Battle of the Somme.
First Battle of the Somme, costly and largely useless, allied offensive on the Western Front during World War I. The United Kingdom attacked the German trenches, the horrible bloodshed on the first day of the battle became a metaphor for a minor sacrifice. -
Russian Revolution
It took place in 1917 and ended in 1923, during the final phase of the war and was the reason for the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist (USSR), from Russia’s traditional monarchy to the world’s first communist state. It followed two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war. -
Second Battle of the Somme
The Second Battle of the Somme was a partially successful German offensive against the allied forces on the Western Front during the last part of the First World War. The battle began between 21 March and 5 April 1918. The Second Battle of the Somme is called the Battle of San Quentin -
Second Battle of the Marne.
Second battle of the Marne: it was the last german offensive on the western front. The attack failed because British, American and Italian units assisted the french in their defense, causing severe casualties. -
Battles of the Meuse-Argonne
Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (September 26-November 11, 1918)
A series of final confrontations on the western front and one of the largest operations and victory in United States military history. It involved 1.2 million French, Siamese and American soldiers and resulted in 350000 casualties. The pbjecti was to attack the germans along the entire front to force them out of France and back inti Germany. -
Treaty of Versailles
It subjected Germany to strict measures. The Treaty required the new German Government to renounce 10% of its pre-war territory in Europe and all its possessions abroad. -
Mussolinni seized the power
Mussolini made a fascist demonstration in Rome and led to mass strikes in the central cities of Italy -
New York stock market crash
It was a big American stock market crash that happened in the fall of 1929. It started in September, when stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, and ended in mid-November. -
Spanish Second Republic
was the democratic regime that existed in Spain. The date of its proclamation, replacing the monarchy of Alfonso XIII -
Hitler takes power
Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power through Germany’s legal political processes. Hitler transformed Germany by manipulating the democratic political system -
Spanish Cold War
In Spain a group of soldiers rose up in arms to overthrow the Second Republic, a movement that gave way to the Civil War. -
Begging of WW2
Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3. -
Soviet Union Invades Poland
Working in concert with Hitler, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin orders the invasion of Poland, securing a share of Polish territory. -
Warsaw Captured
Warsaw surrenders to German troops. Poland holds out for another 9 days before capitulating -
Churchill Becomes Prime Minister
He rallied the British people and led the country from the brink of defeat to victory. He shaped Allied strategy in the war, and in the war's later stages he alerted the West to the expansionist threat of the Soviet Union. -
Norway Invaded
Germany sought to secure naval bases for use against the British fleet in the North Sea and to guarantee vital iron-ore shipments from neutral Sweden. Despite British attempts to help, Norway surrendered to Germany -
Britain Fights
The Battle of Britain pits German bombers against British fighters in a thwarted German prelude to invasion. -
Battle of Midway
Two powerful American and Imperial Japanese fleets faced in the Pacific in a decisive battle for Midway control, where the Americans had a naval base, halfway between Asia and America. -
End of WW2
After Adolf Hitler committed suicide and handing over of power to grand admiral Karl Donitz in May 1945, Soviet troops conquered Berlin and accepted surrender