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World War One Conscription Crisis
Conscription, 1917In 1917, the federal govenrment decided to conscript young men to overseas military service. Canadians felt that they had already done enough in the European theatre and were opposed to sending more troops. This strained French-English Canadian relations. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
Union NationaleUnion Nationale was a Quebec political party founded in 1935. Duplessis was its leader. The party defended provinical autonomy, conservatism, economic liberalism and rural life. -
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The Duplesiss Era / The Great Darkness
Duplessis Era
Maurice Duplessis was the premier of Quebec and leader of the Union Nationale Party. He believed Quebec should be recognized as a Distinct Society. Trademarks were its bribery and corruption. He was known for supporting the Catholic Church and Catholic education. The result of this was that the economy became stagnant. -
World War Two Conscription Crisis
Canada and the War
Resources were startlingly low by 1942 and Hitler had control over all of Europe, there was now a serious need for conscription. By the time the conscripts were trained the war was practically over, however, French-English relations were even further strained. -
Front de liberation du Quebec, FLQ is born
Front de Liberation du Quebec Quebec seperatist movement gains momemtum. FLQ is born. -
Quiet Revolution Begins
Quiet RevolutionThe Quiet Revoltuion was a time of rapid change experienced in Quebec during the 1960s. -
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Maitre Chez Nous and Quiet Revolution
Jean LesageJean Lesage replaced Duplessis after his death and begins modernizing education, politics, and culture. The revolution was called "Quiet" because there was no blood shed. He won the election under the motto "Maitre Chez Nous," meaning masters of our own house. -
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
Bi&Bi commission
Commission brought about sweeping changes to federal and provincial language policy. -
Canada’s New Flag
New FlagUnder the Pearson government it was decided to have a flag without British symbol on it. It also acted as a means to unify the country. The maple leaf flies for the first time. -
Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
ImmigrationPrior to this the immigration policy was restricitve, giving preference to English speaking applicants. Now the policy was based on the points system where applications were scored. Jobs in need in Canada were given higher points then jobs in less demand... -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau
Liberal politician and prime minister of Canada. His terms in office were marked by the establishment of diplomatic relations with China (1970) and improved relations with France, the defeat of the French separatist movement, constitutional independence from the British Parliament, and the formation of a new Canadian constitution with the principal additions of a bill of rights and an amending formula -
Official Languages Act passed
Official Languages ActThe federal statue that made English and French the official languages of Canada. -
FLQ Crisis aka October Crisis
October Crisis After growing separtist sentiments, the FLQ stepped up their acts of aggression by kidnapping British diplomat, James Cross. Their goal was to hold him hostage $ only released him when the gov't released
FLQ later kinaps Pierre La Porte. Trudea enacts WMA but La Ports strangles body is found in the trunk of car -
Trudeau enacts Policy of multi-culturalism
Multiculturalism(Trudea is a Federalist - he believes in unifying Canada, not a French seperatism)
multiculturalism encouraged people to express their cultures & in doing so, would de-emphasize the French as the only cultured group in Canada -
1974 Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bill 22
This made French the only language of Quebec. (NOT bilingual like the rest of Canada. Rationale decining birth rates in Quebec saw the slow death of Fr. Can.
Bill 22s other name was "The Charter of the French Language" -
Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
Sponsorship Program
Families & business could "vouch for" or sponsor a few immigrants, meaning they woukd take responsibility for the new persons set up in Can so they would not need welfare services. -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election on Quebec and Bill 101
Parti QuebecoisParti Quebecois passes.
Bill 101 - (similair to Bill 22) but also requires all signage to change to French in Quebec, all gov't offices, schools... EVERYWHERE
This party was led by Renee Levesque who promised seperatiion by holding a provincial referendum. -
Bill 101 passed
Bill 101AKA: Charter of the French Language
This made French the only language of Quebec. But many French Canadians felt Bill 101 was a symbol of oppression as it discouraged their movement outside Quebec & their ability to conduct business with English Canada -
Quebec Referendum on Sovereignity-Association
Quebec ReferendumRene Levesque askedpl of Quebec to vote 'yes' to registerin a new agreement with Canada based on sovereignity-assosociation, he proposed that quebec become politically independent, yet maintain a close economic relationship with canada
Referedum results: 40% yes, 60% no -
Constitution is Patriated w/o Quebecs Signature
Patriation of the ConstitutionBackground: BNA Act in Britian & Trudeau wanted to have the Charter of Rights and Freedom added to it & bring it home. 1st he needed to come up with an Amending Formula in there were any changes to be made. unfortunately the Premiers could not agree on that formula. They stumbled on a Kitchen Compromise. -
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Meech Lake Accord + Bloc Quebecois Created
Bloc Quebecois
PM Mulroney calls a conference @ Meech lake, proposing constitutional amendments. Purpose?
1. recognize Quebec as a distinct society
2. give more power to the provinces
Meech Lake Accord became known as the Quebec Round in the media. When Meech failed, FrCan felt EngCan was rejecting them, Lucien Bouchard resigns from Mulroneys cabinet & forms the Bloc Quebecois -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party of CanadaPM Brian Mulrouy wanted Quebecs signature on the constitution with "honour & enthusiasm." Reform Party is born out of feelings of: 1. western alienation. 2. senate reform. 3. Fre-Eng Rift. 4. aboriginal self gov't -
Dept of Multiculturalism Formed
MulticulturalismBelief in the Canadain "mosaic" vs the USAs "melting pot"
Discouraged assimilation but encouraged expressing your culture -
Charlottetown Accord (rejected)
Charlottetown AccordPM Mulroney continued the Constitution debates. Charlottetown Accord proposed 1) reforming the senate 2) aboriginal self gov't 3) universal health care 4) workers rights 5) enviro protection called it the Canada Round b/c there was something for every province
54.5% if Candians rejected Charlottetown because there were too many clauses. Que. felt their isses were not addressed. -
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2nd Referendum on Soverignity Association
2nd ReferedumQuebec is angered by constitution debates and re-elected Parti Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau. He calls a referendum on full sovereignity 49.4% Quebeckers vote yes. 50.6% vote no. -
Clarity Bill
Clarity Bill
PM Chretien sent the issue of Quebec seperation to the Supreme Court (1998), Courts rule that Que. did not have right to seperate & would have to negotiate with 9 other provinces
