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WW1 Conscription Crisis
conscription This issue divided Canadians as the French believed they had done enough to support this foreign war. Result: French-Engligh relations strained. The image is the Toronto Globe Newspaper from May 19th 1917 -
Union National Party Created
Union NationaleThe Union Nationale was a Québec political party founded in 1935. The party of a generation, the Union Nationale party won six provincial elections. Maurice Duplessis was its charismatic leader until his death in 1959. -
The Duplesiss Era/The Great Darkness 1936-1939 & 1944-1959
Duplessis Era Quebec led by Premier Maurice Duplessis & Union Nationale Party. Duplessis encouraged foreign investment in Que. in exchange for cheap labour. Cheap labour is possible b/c Duplessis discouraged unions & became known for poor working conditions. Duplessis then expected these companies to return the favor by contributing to the Union Natinale. Bribery & Corruption became the trademarks of his gov’t until his death in 1960 -
World War 2 Conscription Crisis
ConscriptionBY 1942 the NAZI Party controlled all of western Europe requiring Mackenzie to conscript soldiers for overseas defense. By the time the bill was passed and men were trained to go over, the war was mostly over. Extra Result: French-English relations strained but not broken -
Quite Revolution Begins in Quebec
Quiet Revolution This period is called the Quiet Revolution because it was both peaceful but dramatic. 1962 Liberals win election by campaigning under the motto, “Maitres chez nous” –masters of our own house. Aim: to strengthen control of Que’s own economy. Separatism is Born: FLQ (Front de liberation du Quebec) forms. This is a radical terrorist group seeking the ‘freedom’ of Quebec. -
Separatist Movement
The separatist movement emerged as a political force in modern Québec in the 1960s, a time of great socioeconomic change and nationalist foment in that province. Some radical movements committed to independence also operated during this decade, most notably the Front de libération du Québec. Popular support for separatism in Québec rapidly increased in the late 1960s, particularly after the Parti Québécois was formed in 1968.
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/separatism/ -
Maitre Chez Nous (Jean Lesage, Liberal Party Campaign slogan)
Jean Lesages party came to power in 1960 and introduced the many reforms collectively called the Quiet Revolution (courtesy "La Presse"). He was known as the father of the Quiet Revolution, he led his province during that modernizing period of profound change in the collective life of Québec. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jean-lesage/ -
Canada's New Flag
New National Flag of Canada The debate divided Canadian's as the French in Quebec wanted the fleur- de-lis to remain as part of a symbol of Canada. Canada’s maple leaf flag flies for the first time -
Bi & Bi Commission Rogal Commision on Bilingualism + Biculturalism
Royal Commision on Bilingualism and Biculturalism An investigation on how English Canadians felt about French and vice versa. Sought to solve feelings of misunderstanding, alienation + prejudice. -
Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
Immigration Policy WWI to 1960s Canada has a restrictive immigration policy. (Br, Northern Europeans & Americans preferred). 1962 new immigration regulations remove most limitations on Asian, African etc... But by 1967 it was deemed "colour blind". -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau Although he is a French-Canadian, he is a Federalist who believes in one unified Canada. -
Official Languages Act is Passed
Official Languages Act Making French the 2nd official languages Canada was a by product of the Bi and Bi Commissions recommendations. By passing it, Trudeau wanted to show Fr-inclusion into the fabric of Canada -
FLQ Crisis aka October Crisis + implementation of War Measures Act
October Crisis and War Measures ActThe FLQ had stepped up thier radical separatist activity by kidnapping British diplomat, John Cross. The FLQ would only release Cross if FLQ prisoners were given amnesty for crimes againest Canada. Trudeau responds w/ War Measures Act. But FLQ then kidnappped + killed Pierre LaPorte, Quebec's labour minister. -
Policy of Multiculturalism Introduced and Passed
Multiculturalism This policy was meant to de-emphasize Quebec and the French as the only cultural group in Canada. It attempted to recognize all immigrants as unique and encouraged them to express themselves. Result Canada becomes more international. -
Front de liberation du Quebec LQ party is formed
The FLQ is best known for the 1970 October Crisis. The Crisis was the first occasion in the history of Canada that its citizens were deprived of their rights and freedoms during peace time. The FLQ never succeeded in taking hold within the union movement or gained the popular support they had anticipated. Over the years, the organization recruited at most a hundred or so agitators. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/front-de-liberation-du-quebec/ -
Bill 22 Introduced by Robert Bourassa
Bill 22Liberal Premier, R.Bourassa introduced Bill 22 making French the official language of Quebec (not a bilingual province like other provinces). Rationale: French birth rates were declining but immigration was increasing. Bourassa feared the disappearance of the French language. -
Parti Quebecois Wins provincial Election
Parti Quebecois PG party is led by Renee Levesque and promises Quebes seperation by first holding a province-wide referndum on the issue -
Immigration Policy moves to the Sponsorship Program
Immigration in Canada The policy allowed citizens of Canada to "support" or "sponsor" outside applicants to can. This required that those who sponsored people were legally + financially responsible for the new immigrant.
Benefit: new immigrants not overreliant on social welfare programs. -
Bill 101
Bill 101 Bill 101 aka Charter of the French Language replaced Bill 22. Made French the official language of Quebec. Government, services, offices, retail, etc... operated only in France some French-Canadian people saw this as a symbol of oppression. -
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Quebec Referendum on Sovereignty-Association (Levesque's Provincial Government)
Quebec Referendum Levesque asked people of Quebes to vote "yes" to negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on sovereignty association. He proposed that Quebec become independant, yet maintain a close economic relationship with Canada. "Maitne chez-nous" was the motto Result of Referendum: 40% yes to sovereignty association. 60% NO. -
Constitution Act
Constitution Act of 1982
In 1982, the Queen and the Right Honourable Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister, signed the Constitution Act, 1982, which includes the British North America Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Constitution Act is difficult to change. For some parts of the Act, the Senate, the House of Commons and all provinces must agree -
Constitution Patriated without Quebec's agreeement
Patriation of the Constitution Trudeau accepted the compromise on the grounds that the federal gov’t had so many members fr. Que. that it could speak for that province. Levesque & Quebeckers felt betrayed and the Que provincial gov’t refused to sign the new constitution. April 17, 1982: Trudeau went ahead & new constitution signed by QE II and Trudeau at Ottawa parliament buildings. Our constitution had come home! (Que flags at half mast, rest of Canada had parades) -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney Becomes Prime Minister
As prime minister and leader of the Progressive Conservative party, Mulroney helped persuade Québec government to sign the Constitution but both the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord were unsuccessful. -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party of Canada Mulroney promised gain Quebec’s consent to the constitution ‘with honour & enthusiasm”. Robert Bourassa (Liberal-Federalist) in office in Quebec at this time (replaces Levesque). -
Meech Lake Accord (Bloc Quebecois Created)
Meech Lake AccordPM Mulroney calls Premiers to Conference at Meech Lake proposing amendments to the constitution. One Amendment was called the “Meech Lake Accord”. Bourassa & Quebeckers support Meech Lake b/c it protected Fr culture & lang. Trudeau is critical of Meech saying it would isolate the Francophones of Quebec rather than make them more apart of Confederation.Quebeckers felt it was Cnds rejecting Que. The desire to separate increases to 64% by late 1990s.Lucien Bouchard (a powerful member of Mulroney’s. -
Department of Multiculturalism formed
On 21 July 1988, the Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney passed the Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Trudeau's declaration of Canada as a bilingual and multicultural nation resulted in an explosion of multicultural research. Multiculturalism was celebrated as a new vision of Canadian identity, which would foster a global understanding of all ethnic communities. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/multiculturalism/ -
Charlottetown Accord Rejected in Referendum
Charlottetown Accord The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was ultimately rejected by Canadian voters in a ref -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
In the Québec general election of September 1994, the Parti Québécois was returned to power with 44.7 per cent of the votes and 77 seats in the National Assembly — a strong majority. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/parti-quebecois/ -
Quebec Referndum (On Sovereignty Association)
Quebec Referendum Premier Jacques Parizeau promptly promised that a referendum on Québec separation would be held some time during 1995. The question posed in the referendum read as follows: "Do you agree that Québec should become sovereign, after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership, within the scope of the Bill respecting the future of Québec and of the agreement signed on 12 June 1995?". The side that opposed the seperation won with a very narrow majority in votes. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
The bill known as the Clarity Act gives effect to the requirement for clarity set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Québec Secession Reference.
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-clarity-act-bill-c-20/
