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The American Associatioin on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is the oldest and largest interdisciplinary organization of professionals and citizens concerned about intellectual and developmental disabilities. This organization was founded in 1886 and is still in operation today. -
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The History of Special Education
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Council for Exceptional Children
Council for Exceptional Children was founded by Elizabeth E. Farrell and began with 12 members in 1922. This team of professionals in the field of Special Education develop standards, ethics, practices and guidelines to ensure that individuals with exceptionalities have well prepared special educators that are able to adequately support their learning. -
National Foundation for the Blind & American Federation of the Physically Handicapped
This decade is considered the beginning of the modern Special Education Movement. During World War II, many young soldiers sustained injuries that resulted in lifelong disabilities. The need for educational and employment opportunities and services for these men created legislation that would precede Special Education legislation. The National Foundation for the Blind and The American Federation of the Physically Handicapped was formed and advocated for the end-of-job discrimination. -
First Accounts of Autism
In 1943, Dr. Leo Kanner developed the first child psychiatric service at a U.S. hospital, described a group of 11 children – eight boys and three girls – who had "autistic disturbances of affective contact." This report was based on direct observation and his classification of what the disorder looked like, and which are all depicted in current manuals today. -
Brown vs Board of Education
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) is one of the most pivotal opinions ever rendered by that body. This landmark decision highlights the U.S. Supreme Court’s role in affecting changes in national and social policy. The case ruled that 'separate but equal' has no place in education. http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC)
1971, the lawsuit Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvanian become the first right to education lawsuit to overturn Pennsylvania law and secure quality education for all children. This case was settled resulting in a consent decree in which the state agreed to provide a free public education for children with mental retardation. -
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Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC)
In 1971, the lawsuit Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvanian become the first right to education lawsuit to overturn Pennsylvania law and secure quality education for all children. This case was settled resulting in a consent decree in which the state agreed to provide a free public education for children with mental retartdation. In 1975 this decree in PARC was codified nationally as the Education for all Handicapped Children Act, now known as IDEA. -
1973 Rehabilitation Act
The first federal legislation to advance opportunities for students with disabilities was the 197 Rehabilitation Act, also known as the 'Rehab Act.' This legislation called for equality among activities and to ensure proper facilities were built. -
Individuals with Disabilities Act
IDEA, which was previously known as the Education for all Handicapped Children Act, became public law in 1990. The goal of IDEA is to provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those children who don't have a disability. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA -
Individual with Disabilities Education Act Ammendments of 1997
In 1997, President Clinton signed amendments to the Act that focus on improving the education of children with disabilities by Identifying children with special needs before they enter school and providing services to help them, developing individualized education programs (IEPs) that focus on improving educational results through the general curriculum, educating children with disabilities with their nondisabled peers, setting higher expectations for students who are disabled among other things -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. The law is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/nclb-dis.html -
The Americans Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
With the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments of 2008, a broader definititon of what constitutes a disability was established. This definition now included students with less recognized mental disabilities, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and ensured that individuals with such disabilities were allocted the same resources as those with obvious physical impairments.
