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Jan 1, 1441
First Slaves
The first slaves were brought to Portugal for Prince Henry. -Analysis: This shows the struggle for equality because it was the beginning of slavery. Furthermore it shows that royalty was able to treat people (slaves) as they wish. *Date not stated, year correct. -
First Slaves in the United States
A Dutch ship brings the first permanent African settlers to Jamestown, Virginia. The Africans begin working in fields as slaves. -Analysis: This shows the start of slavery in the United States. The Dutch brought the first slaves to Virginia, which became their struggle for equality there. *Date not stated, year correct. -
First Colony
Massachusetts becomes the first colony to recognize slavery as a legal institution. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African equality because it's the start of legalizing slavery. *Year correct, month and day not stated. -
Virginia Fugitive Slave Law
Virginia passed a fugitive slave law. Offenders helping runaway slaves were fined in pounds of tobacco. An enslaved person is to be branded with a large R after a second escape attempt. Analysis: This shows African Americans struggle for equality because now not only are slaves being punished but anyone who helps them is punished as well. This is because they are trying to keep slavery in place and confine it as much as possible. -
Connecticut legalizes slavery.
Connecticut legalizes slavery. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because slavery was continuously spreading throughout the United States. -
Prohibition of Serving in the Militia.
Connecticut law prohibits African Americans from serving in the militia. Analysis: This shows the struggle for equality for African Americans because American rights are taken away. Furthermore this shows a lack of trust/responsibility because African Americans can't be trusted to serve their country. -
Act XII Jamestown
"all children borne in this country shalbe held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother." Analysis: This law shows African Americans struggle for equality because it's furtherer putting people into slavery. Now people are being born into slavery. *Month and year correct, day not stated. -
Slavery for Life
Maryland establishes slavery for life for persons of African ancestry. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because there isn't a way for them to become free, they are slaves for life. Now they can't even work to earn their freedom. -
ACT III Jamestown
An act declaring that baptisme of slaves doth not exempt them from bondage. Analysis: This shows the struggle for equality because others are exempt from bondage when baptised, but slaves no longer are. This takes away one of the equalities they had. *Month and year correct, day not stated. -
Act I Jamestown
An stating that masters/overseers may kill slaves if they resist and the master would not be charged with a felony. Analysis: This contributed to the struggle for equality because it's allowing slaves to be killed wihtout penalty to the murderer, thus their life has no value. *Month and year correct, day not stated. -
Royal African Company
The Royal African Company was formed, it allowed English colonies in America to easily buy slaves from English traders. -Analysis: This contributed to the struggle for equality because it shows that companies were being made to sell the slaves. *Date not stated, year correct. -
Prohibition of testifying against whites
New York Assembly enacts a law which prohibits enslaved Africans from testifying against whites or gathering in groups larger than three on public streets. Analysis:This shows African Americans struggle for equality because their word in court is no longer suffiecient and they can't be on public streets with more than three people. -
Chap IV Jamestown
An act declaring that African Americans can not bear office in the United States. Analysis: This Act contributed to the struggle for African equality because they aren't allowed to run for office, where as whites were. *Month and year correct, day not stated. -
Slave Market in NYC
A public slave market opens in New York City at the east end of Wall Street. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because there's markets opening that sell them as if they are a product. -
Stono Rebellion
The largest slave uprising before the American Revolution. The leader, Cato led about 70 slaves in an armed march south of the Stono River. They killed 25 whites before being stopped by the South Carolina militia. The rebellion resulted in 44 slave deaths and slaves being sold to the West Indies. -Anaylsis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because blacks weren't able to fight for themselves. They were killed or sold. -
Cotton Gin Invented
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which allowed cotton cultivation to become very large-scale. This is increased the need for slaves. -Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because even though the cotton gin helped slaves in the fact that they no longer had to seperate the cotton by hand. However, it was a struggle because now the need for slaves increased. -
George Boxley's Rebellion Plan
George Boxley was a white abolitionist and former slaveholder who tried to coordinate a local slave rebellion in Spotsylvania, Virginia. He tried to recruit slaves from Orange, Spotsylvania, and Louisa counties to meet at his home with horses, guns, swords and clubs. He planned to attack and take over Fredericksburg and Richmond. A local slave, told her owner which ruined the plot. Six slaves were imprisoned or executed and George was imprisoned. -
George Boxley's Rebellion Plan Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This shows the struggle for African Americans equality because blacks were so in fear of whites that even when a white man tried to help them, a black told because she felt it was her place. Furthermore this made it harder for blacks to get rights and equal treatment when they accepted their 'place.' -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
In Southampton County, Virginia Nat Turner led slaves in a rebellion killed between 55–65 whites, the highest number of fatalities caused by slave uprisings. The rebellion lasted a few days. Afterwards there was militias organized against slaves. Many innocent slaves got charged for being a part of the rebellion and up to 200 were killed by the militias. More laws were passed against blacks' rights. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This shows African American struggle for equality because when blacks tried to protest and stand up for themselves, they are charged and executed; but when whites acted out or did these things, it wasn't a problem. Blacks were trying to overcome the racial inequalities but more were being placed on them. -
Dred Scott Decision
Ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that people of African descent brought into the U.S. and held as slaves, are not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens. -Analysis: This shows the struggle for African equality because it's stating that slaves aren't protected by the Constitution and can't become citizens. It's taking away their rights and giving them no protection as a person. -
Battle Of Fort Pillow
A battle during the Civil War that ended with the massacre of surrendered Federal black troops. This battle resulted in 574 Union soldier casualties. -Analysis: This shows the struggle for African Americans equality because they were killed even after they surrendered. This shows that even in war situations African Americans were still treated unfairly. -
Memphis Riots of 1866
A shooting altercation happened between black soldiers and a white police officer. This led to mobs of white people raging through black neighborhoods and houses of freed slaves. This lasted for 3 days until troops broke it up. There were 48 killed, 75 injured, 100 robbed, 5 women raped, 91 homes, 4 churches and 8 schools burned. -Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because even though some had gained freedom, they were still being punished for their color. -
Chicago Race Riot of 1919
Riot started by a white man throwing rocks at a black man which resulted in his death. The white man wasn't arrested; objections by blacks resulted in violence with whites. Attacks broke out between both races. The riot lasted about a week. 38 people died, 23 of them being black. 537 people injured. Analysis: This shows the struggle towards equality for African Americans because a white man wasn't arrested for his crime, which resulted in riots where many African Americans died. -
Omaha Race Riot of 1919
On September 28, 1919 a mob of 4,000 whites crowded outside the Douglas County Courthouse. They assaulted the officers, threw bricks and sticks, and beat every colored person in sight. Police retreated into the courthouse which the rioters burned. The destruction lasted for another day. Will Brown was lynched and rioters attempted to lynch the mayor. -Analysis: This shows African Americans struggle for equality because people went as far as burning and beating police to get their unjust ways. -
Tulsa Race Riot
Riot in Tulsa, Oklahoma where the wealthiest African American community was burned to the ground. Over 800 people werew admitted to hospitals, more than 6,000 residents were arrested, 10,000 were left homeless, and 35 city blocks were destroyed. 36 deaths were recorded, but there was speculation of up to 300 dead. The events in this riot were omitted from history until 2001. -
Tulsa Race Riot Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This showed African Americans struggle for equality because they had a little bit of success and it was taken away from them. Furthermore the struggle was shown because they tried to cover it up by removing it from history so people couldn't fully understand African Americans struggles. -
Emmett Till Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because Emmett Till was killed for simply whistling at a white woman.Then his murderers didn't even get a just trial because the jurors knew they were guilty but felt death was unfair to white men killing a black boy. -
Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14 year old black boy who whistled at a white woman in Money, Mississippi. Her husband went after Till. Till was pistol whipped, beaten, shot, killed, and throw in a river, connected to a heavy fan to sink his body. His murderers were found innocent by jury members who knew they were guilty but didn't think death penalty was proper punishment for white men that killed a black boy. They were protected by double jeopardy when they admitted to what they had done. Analysis: -
Bus Segregation
Rosa Parks was riding a public bus that filled up so she was expected to give up her seat to a white man, she refused and was arrested for violating segregation laws. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African equality because even though there's no longer slavery at this point, African Americans still don't have equal rights. -
Freedom Riders
In Anniston, Mississippi, a mob of KKK attacked the first bus of Freedom Riders going through Mississippi to end segregation of interstate buses. The driver tried to leave but was blocked until the tires were slashed. The bus was forced to stop a miles after. The mob firebombed it, trying to burn the riders to death. The riders escaped the bus and were then beaten by the mob. -Anaylsis: This showed the struggle for African American equality because BLAH. -
Prom Segregation
Charlestown Mississippi allows integrated schools however, proms are still segregated. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African equality because even though the schools are integrated, they still must have seperate proms. Even though in 1954, U.S. Supreme Court ordered all schools to be intergrated and their functions to be intergrated. This clarifies that people aren't equal yet in society. *Year correct, month and date not stated. -
Michael Donald Lynching Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This shows the struggle for African Americans because there's still a racial hatred, Bennie Hays didn't see it as a man killing a man, it was a black man killing a white man. He felt it was proper to kill a random black man for justice. -
Michael Donald Lynching
An African American was on trial for killing a white police officer, a verdict was never reached so he was released. Bennie Hays (Ku Klux Klan member) felt that, "If a black man can get away with killing a white man, we ought to be able to get away with killing a black man." He and some KKK members randomly picked up Michael Donald. They attacked and beat him before putting a rope around his neck to strangle him, slit his throat, and hung him from a tree. -
Second Prom Segregation
In 1997, actor Morgan Freeman offered to pay for the prom at Charleston High School in Mississippi as long as it was intergrated. His offer was ignored. Analysis: This shows the struggle for equality because there were still people trying to keep segregation present wherever they could.Furthermore even though it was against the law, the segrgation was still allowed. *Year correct, month and day not stated. -
Trayvon Martin
Trayvon, a 17 year old black boy shot and killed for "looking suspicious" while walking home with Skittles and Iced Tea. George Zimmerman was part of neighborhood watch and called the police because he saw Trayvon. He was told not to follow the boy but did so anyways. He claimed self defense and has not been charged with anything. Analysis: This shows the struggle for African American equality because a boy was considered suspicious looking because he was black and had a hood on. -
Joel Ward Series Winning Goal
Washington Capitals hockey player Joel Ward scored a series winning goal against Boston Bruins in the 1st round of the 2012 playoffs. Ward is from Barbados. After the goal, countless amount of people 'tweeted' on Twitter calling him the n-word and saying derogatory things. They went as far as saying black people don't deserve to play hockey and that Ward should stick to playing basketball because basketball is a black man's sport. -
Joel Ward Series Winning Goal Cont. Analysis
-Analysis: This shows the struggle for equality because even today there's still racism. Furthermore it shows how there's an unequal treatment in sports because people were saying that hockey is a white man's game and blacks don't deserve to play it.
