-
Sep 25, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
SourceThe Peace of Augsburg is an official recognition of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany by Charles V. The peace allowed followers of each religion to exercise it as they wished. It allowed the existence of both churches. This treaty strengthened the power of the territorial ruler, but also made Germany religious divided. -
Period: to
King Christian IV of Denmark
SourceChristian IV won the Kalmar War against the Swedish. Later he was forecd by the Western Powers to join the Thirty Years war and he used it to secure Elbe and Weser rivers from German invasion. Druing the war he made an alliance with Gustavus Adolphus who had promised him a fleet to defeat Protestanium. He signed a peace with Ferdinand II at Lübeck where he didn't lose any land. He struggled with Sweden for years until the Bromsebro peace in which Denmark lost three provinces. -
Period: to
Cardinal Richelieu King Louis XIII
Louis XIII became a king after the death of his father, when he was just nine yaers old. He became engaged to Anne in 1612, when he was twelve years old. After the war with Spaniards, in 1642 Louis XII became one of the most powerful kings in Europe. Louis XIII died in 1643. -
Period: to
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Source Gustavus Adolphus lead Sweden in the period of Thirty Years War. He was responsible for many domestic reforms and in this way Sweden become the prepotent power in the region. He become a king when he is just seventeen. He had one marriage and one daughter. He is very religious and also good orator. He died in the battle. -
Period: to
Ferdinand of Styria as king of Bohemia
SourceHe was a ruler form the Hapsburg family and during his ruling of Bohemia, he focused on spreading Catholicism and cantralization. After her became an Emperor the Bohemians tried to reject him, but their revolt was suppressed. His ruling over Bohemia was harsh since he aimed for ultimate power. During the war his status changed. The peak of his power was reached in 1635 when the Peace of Prague was signed and the german princes joined him to fight the Hapsburgs. -
Defenestration of Prague
SourceIt happened during the Bohemian Period. Many Protestant chapels were closed which directly violated the religious liberty given in Letter of Majesty. The opponents called an assembly in Prague where the two intruders were plead guilty and were thrown from the windows of the council room. -
Period: to
The Bohemian Period
SourceIn 1617 Ferdinand of Styria was elected as king of Bohemia. He was e member of the Hapsburg family and had become Holy Roman Empeor two years earlier. He supported the Catholics. After his election, Bohemian Calvinists wre worried about their right,s and revolted bwhich was became known as Defenestration of Prague. Tilly Baron invaded Bohemia and won the Battle of White Mountain.Ferdinand gained the Bohemian Throne. Victory for the Catholics. -
Battle of White Mountain
SourceThe main opponents were the Protestants of the Bohemian Estates' army and Austrian Imperial and Catholic forces. The united Imperial and Catholic League forces began moving to Bohemia where the battle took place on Bila Hora in the Czech Republic. The battle was lost between the evening becasue many Bohemian leaders fell into the wrong hands and the lack of unity among men. The Hapsburgs had won and would began srpeading Catholicm in Bohemia. -
Period: to
Philip IV of Spain
Source Philip IV was a king of Spain and Portugal. He had seven children from one wife - Elizabeth, but after some years he had two more wives. Philip instituted, with a big success a system to circumvent the empire's bureaucracy and Olivier was his helper. In his final years, he had a lot of difficulties and he felt into big depression and in 1665 he died and his four years old son - Charles II became a king of the empire. -
Period: to
The Danish Period
<a href='http://www.thecaveonline.com/APEH/thirtyyearswar.html' >Source</a The Danish period started when King Christian IV and Lutheran ruler of Denmark supported the Protestants againts Ferdinant II. King Christian was a duke of Holstein. The rebels elected new king - Frederick V and his German Protestant Union provided some air to the Bohemian rebel. The Treaty of Lubeck restored Holstein to Christian IV and this period ended with Catholic and Hapsburg victory. -
Treaty of Lubeck
SourceThis was a treaty between Wallenstein who was at that time an Emperor, and Christian IV of Denmark. The treaty was in favor of Denmark who was previoulsy defeated. All of Christian's realms were returned to him, but he had to forfeit from the lands finding itself within the Empire. The protestant leader was out of the war. -
Period: to
The Swedish Period
SourceKing of Sweden Gustavus Adolphus became the new Protestant leader . Catholic France and Protestant Sweden signed an alliance and joined forces against the Catholic Hapsburgs, where the Swedish were leading the battles. In the Battle of Lutzen the Swedish won but their king was killed. They were also beated at southern Germany by the army of the assassinated emperor. -
Battle of Lutzen
Source This is the fight between Sweden and Holy Roman Empire, in which Gustavus II Adolphus lost his life. Gustavus Adolphus offered to imperial commander battle in Saxony. The battle was finished when Sweden king was killed and Holy Roman empire captured the entire imperial artillery. -
The Treaty of Prague
Source The Treaty of Prague put an end of Austro-Prussian war. But Austria lost only Venetia, which Italy won. The Habsburgs were exclude and in this way the Kingdom of Prussia become the most powerful in German. -
The Peace of Westphalia
Source The Peace of Westphalia or "Peace of Exhaustion" is a collection of treaties. They support the fact about the Thirty Years War's end. The Peace of Westphalia was signed between May and Octomber. -
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Source This is a treaty between Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain. This treaty was created to put an end of the Franco-Spanish War. The War continued eleven years, from 1648 to 1659. -
Period: to
The French Period
Source Belgium become a part of the French empire because of Napoleon. Napoleon created an Code Napoleon, which was as a civil law, which also become a basis for civil lawas in Belgium. The French period is a period with contraband, large factories and emigrants. The French government appointed military service to all men and they supposed to participate in all Napoleon's fights. The Dutch language and all political freedom were suspended and for all purposes. -
Period: to
Maximilian I of Bavaria
SourceMaximilian Joseph IV was a new elector whose job was to turn Bavaria into a liberal and efficient state. in 1799 he was forced by Autstria to enter the war where he lost a lot of land, but in 1803 his losses were recovered. In 1806 he was crowned as a king of Bavaria. Maximillian was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine which was an alliance between German princes. The Restoration peace in 1815 which helped organize the administartion helped Maximillian in his desire for a liberal state.
