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1414
Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school
The Sagres school played a tole in his explorations project throughout the Atlantic Ocean. -
1440
The printing press
Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. -
May 29, 1453
Fall of Constantinopla
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Oct 12, 1492
Discovery of America
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Jun 7, 1494
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas
Isabel and Fernando signed with Juan II. They met in Tordesillas (Valladolid), to put an end to the disputes. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg
When Luther may have nailed his famous Ninety-five to the wooden doors of the Castle Church. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses
He did so by starting the Protestant Reformation and nailed them to a church door in Wittenberg. -
Nov 15, 1517
Pizarro conquers Inca Empire
When the hispanic troops took Cuzco the capital of the Inca Empire, they conquered the Inca Empire. -
1521
Cortes conquers Aztec Empire
Commanded by a group of Spaniards and indigenous peoples, he conquered the city of Tenochtitlán, putting an end to the Aztec Empire. -
Jan 3, 1521
Pope excommunicated Luther
Luther refused to comply with the pope's order so Pope Leo X excommunicated him. -
1533
Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
He annulled his marriage to Catalina so he could marry again and have a child. -
1534
Henry VIII starts the Church of England
The Anglican Church is the official Church of Engaln and his founder is Henry VIII. -
1534
Coronado discovers Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico
Was the first Spanish that visited Valley of Colorado. -
1534
Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
The new order has been one of the most missionary of the Church, science and culture. -
1534
Parliament approves the formation of the English Church
Defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England. -
1536
John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion
It was first published in Latin and later converted into French by Robert Estienne. -
1545
Council of Trento mandates reforms in Catholic Church
It was where the guns for the defense of the Catholic Church were created in order to stop the expansion of Protestant ideas. -
1545
Pope Paul III begins the Council of Trent
It took place in Trento, a city in northern Italy and is founded by Pope Paul III. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg recognizes the Lutheran Church
Princes were given the freedom to practice whatever religion they chose. -
Thomas Newcomen
Built an atmospheric steam engine used to pump water out of coal mines. -
Seven Years´War
The French and Indian War was the North American conflict between Great Britain and France. -
James Hargreaves
The Spinning Jenny was designed to manufacture threads or yarns of fibers such as wool or cotton in a mechanized way. -
James Watt
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. -
Abraham Darby
blast furnace is a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals. -
Boston Tea Party
The colonists dumped a charge of British tea into Boston harbor in protest at the Crown's attempt at taxation. -
The First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies that became the United States. -
Battle of Concord and Lexington
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. -
Second Continental Congress
They established a Continental army and elected George Washington as Commander-in-Chief. -
USA Declaration of Independence
The 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. -
George Washington crosses the Delaware
Washington crossed the Delaware River to attack an isolated garrison of Hessian troops located at Trenton. -
Saratoga Battle
It gave the Americans a decisive victory against the British forces. -
French Treaty of Alliance
Creating a military alliance between the United States and France against Great Britain. -
Samuel Crompton
The spinning mule, which permitted large-scale manufacture of high-quality thread and yarn. -
British surrendered in Yorktown
British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his army to General George Washington at Yorktown. -
Edmund Cartwright
Mechanical loom the first wool combing machine and predecessor of the modern mechanical loom. -
Henry Cort
The puddling process converted pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and stirring it in a furnace, without using charcoal. -
Louis XVI calls the Estates General
The political and financial situation in France had grown rather bleak, forcing Louis XVI to summon the Estates General. -
The French Revolution
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Tennis Court Oath
The Tennis Court Oath was a commitment to a national constitution and representative government. -
Storming of the Bastille
A state prison on the east side of Paris, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. -
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette captured at Varennes
It was an important act of the French revolution where the royal family of France lost power, when tried to escape abroad. -
Eli Whitney
The cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. -
Execution of Louis XVI
He was brought to trail for treason and executed by guillotine. -
Nicolas Appert
Preserving food is the method of preserving food by enclosing it in hermetically sealed containers. -
Coup d´etat of Brumaire
Overthrew the government of the French Directory and replaced it with the French Consulate. -
Richard Trevithick
iThe world's first steam railway locomotive it was constructed for the Coalbrookdale ironworks in Shropshire in the United Kingdom. -
Napoleon crowned as emperor
Napoleon was crowned at Notre-Dame catedral in Paris. -
Victory of Austerlitz
The Allied army in two and left the French in a golden tactical position to win the battle. -
R. Fulton
The steamboat was world's first commercially successful boat. -
Beginning of the Spanish War of Independence
These Spanish freedom fighters were rounded up and massacred by the French. -
Battle of Bailen
The Spanish Army in Andalusia defeated the French in the Battle of Bailen. -
Luddite rebellion in Great Britain
Luddism was a movement led by English artisans, who protested against new job-destroying machines. -
Battle of the Nations (Leipzig)
After four days of fighting and seeing the battle lost, Napoleon ordered a retreat, but his entire rearguard fell into the hands of his enemies. -
Exile of Napoleon in Elba
Napoleon was forced to abdicate the French throne. -
Battle of Waterloo
the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by the British and Prussian armies. -
Napoleon´s death at St. Helena
Napoleon was only 51 when he died on the island of St. Helena. -
George Stephenson
A locomotive contest was held and the Rocket, which he built with his son, won with a speed of 36 miles (58 km) per hour. -
Michael Faraday
Faraday created the first transformer and a few months later, he developed the first electrical generator in history. -
John Deere
The self-scouring steel plow increased agricultural productivity and allowed farmers to open up new farmland. Farmers could produce crops more efficiently. -
Samuel MOrse
Morse sent his first telegraph message, from Washington. By 1866, a telegraph line had been laid across the Atlantic Ocean from the United States to Europe. -
Ponce the Leon discovers Florida
Juan Ponce the Leon decided to invest a large part of his earnings in exploring the lands to the north of Puerto Rico. -
Antonio Meucci
He built the telephone to connect his office with his bedroom so he could talk to his wife, who was confined to bed due to illness. -
Henry Bessemer
The Bessemer converter was the first chemical manufacturing process used for the mass production of good quality, low-cost cast steel from pig iron. -
First subway of the world in London
Was the world's first underground railway. -
Charles Tellier
He built the first industrial refrigeration machine; He managed to fit out a ship to transport refrigerated meat on a long journey. -
Alexander Graham
Alexander Graham Bell referred to as a device that transmitted sounds through a cable through electrical signals. -
Thomas Alba Edison
The incandescent lamp produces light by heating a tungsten filament to high temperatures. -
Karl Benz
Karl invented the first three-wheeled car that was powered by gasoline combustion. -
Wright Brothers
Wright Flyer was the roll technique consisted of ropes attached to the tips of the wings, which the pilot could pull or release. -
Fascist Italy invades and annexes Albania
Benito Mussolini sent about 60,000 soldiers across the Strait of Otranto to land in the main Albanian ports such as Durrës, Vlorë and Sarandë, taking them by assault quickly that same day, and launching into the occupation of the rest of Albanian territory. -
Invation of Poland
Germany attacks Poland with a large military force. Britain and France declare war on Germany in support of Poland. The Polish army is defeated within weeks and Warsaw surrenders. -
German forces invade western europe
The campaign against the Netherlands and France lasts less than six weeks. Germany attacks through Luxembourg and the Ardennes Forest, breaking through French defenses and trapping the Allies in the north. France is defeated. France signs an armistice with Germany, occupying the north while the south remains free under a French government in Vichy that declares neutrality. -
Germany conquers Norway and Denmark
Alemania ataca Noruega y Dinamarca, ocupando Dinamarca en un día. En Noruega, Alemania asegura puertos clave y enfrenta a fuerzas británicas que eventualmente se retiran. Noruega se rinde. -
German forces invade Yugoslavia and Greece
German forces, supported by allies such as Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania, invade and subdue Yugoslavia and Greece. British troops withdraw to Crete, where they are defeated by German paratroopers in May. As a result, Germany and its allies share control of Yugoslavia and Greece. -
German forces attack Soviet Union
German forces, backed by several allies, launch a massive attack on the Soviet Union, covering a broad front from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. They advance deep into Soviet territory, encircling and forcing millions of soldiers to surrender. However, the Soviet Union launches a counteroffensive in December 1941, forcing Germany to withdraw from the outskirts of Moscow. -
The Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway in June 1942 was a turning point in the Pacific during World War II. U.S. forces, led by the Navy, intercepted and defeated a Japanese fleet attempting to seize Midway, a strategic island. The battle resulted in the destruction of significant Japanese naval assets, including four aircraft carriers, shifting the balance of power in the Pacific theater in favor of the Allies. -
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in World War II, where Soviet forces resisted and eventually defeated German forces, marking a major turning point in the war on the Eastern Front. It was a brutal and costly struggle in which both sides suffered enormous human and material losses. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a significant turning point that considerably weakened Germany's ability to continue the war in the east. -
Operation Ke
Operation Ke was a strategic effort by Japan to evacuate its forces from Guadalcanal after its defeat in the campaign. This operation was crucial in preserving resources and troops, although it marked the beginning of the Japanese withdrawal in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. -
The end of the battle of Guadalcanal
That's right, the Battle of Guadalcanal came to an end on 9 February 1943 when Japanese forces withdrew from the island. This battle was one of the fiercest in the Pacific Theatre and had a major strategic impact on World War II by marking a turning point in Japanese expansion and strengthening Allied morale. -
Battle of Guam
The Battle of Guam was a 1944 World War II clash between American and Japanese forces for control of the island of Guam in the Pacific Ocean. American troops finally recaptured the island after weeks of heavy fighting. This battle was crucial in the Pacific campaign to retake territory occupied by Japan. -
Battle of Normandy
The Battle of Normandy, also known as D-Day, was a massive military operation. It was the largest amphibious landing in history and marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi rule. Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy on the northern coast of France, which eventually led to Germany's defeat in the war. -
Hitler’s suicide
Hitler's suicide took place in the Reich Chancellery bunker in Berlin, Germany. Faced with Germany's imminent defeat in World War II, Hitler decided to take his own life along with his wife, Eva Braun. Hitler shot himself in the head while Braun took cyanide. Their bodies were found and later cremated by their supporters. -
Atomic bombing Hiroshima
The Hiroshima atomic bomb was a nuclear bomb dropped by the United States on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, during World War II. It was the first time in history that a nuclear bomb was used in combat. The impact was devastating, causing widespread destruction and loss of life, and marking a milestone in the history of warfare and the development of nuclear weapons.