Timeline Six: 20th Century (1930-2000)

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    Schoenberg

    Primarily an atonal composer, but started out tonal
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    Kodaly

    Inventor of the Kodaly method, Kodaly was a Hungarian composer who specialized in ethnomusicology and linguistics, and was a pedagoge
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    Malipiero

    Malipiero was an Italian composer and musicologist who also taught and edited music
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    Stravinsky

    A neoclassic composer who used complex rhythms and dissonance
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    Varese

    French composer who called his music "organized sound", in which rhythm was particularly important
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    Villa-lobos

    Brazilian composer and conductor who played the cello, piano and guitar, and was incredibly important to 20th century Brazilian art song composition
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    Toch

    Toch was an Austrian composer who wrote classical music and composed for films
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    Durey

    Parisian composer, a part of Les Six, who help inspire their first album, wrote war resistance songs
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    Martin

    Swiss composer who drew inspiration from his Christianity
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    Prokofiev

    A Russian composer who played the piano
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    Honegger

    Swiss Les Six composer who appreciated the architecture of music
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    Milhaud

    Les Six composer, rejected impressionism, and became close friends with Tailleferre
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    Tailleferre

    A French Les Six composer who was friends with Coco Chanel and had stage fright
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    Hindemith

    German composer and violinist/violist who conducted and was an advocate for the Neue Sachlichkeit style
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    Still

    First African American composer to have his opera performed in the New York City Opera
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    Sessions

    American composer, conductor, and teacher of music who studied at Harvard at age 14
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    Thomson

    American composer and critic who helped develop the "American Sound"
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    Gershwin

    American composer and pianist that spanned many genres, including classical and popular
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    Auric

    Les Six composer who studied with Satie's teachers and ran SACEM
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    Poulenc

    Les Six composer, self taught, rejected Schoenberg's style, his partner sang many of his songs
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    Ellington

    American composer and conductor who lead a jazz group
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    Copland

    American composer, teacher, and conductor who was referred to as the "Dean of American Composers"
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    Armstrong

    American trumpeter, vocalist, composer and actor who was incredibly influential in Jazz
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    Shostakovich

    Russian composer/pianist who had a unique harmonic language and historic importance
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    Samuel Barber

    Composer from America who wrote orchestral and choral pieces, operas, ballets, and piano music
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    Schuman

    American composer who won the Pulitzer prize, was also an arts administrator
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    Menotti

    Italian-American composer/librettist who won two Pulitzer prizes
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    Cage

    American composer and theorist who pioneered electroacoustic music and indeterminacy in music, and atypical use of instruments, specialized in post war avant-garde
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    Stylistic Traits

    Melodic Freedom
    Polychords and Tone Clusters
    Dissonant Chords
    12 Tone Clusters
    Predictable Cadences
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    Genres

    Maximalism
    Minimalism
    Impressionism
    Expressionism
    Jazz
    Serialism
    Electronic
    Primitivism
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    The Vietnam War

  • 8-Track Tapes Invented

  • Hubble Telescope Launched Into Space

  • Auto-tune Invented