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1543
scientific revolution (start)
this was the start of the scientific revolution. a time where ideas including science, mathematics, physics, astronomy and biology were challenged and redefined. we finally got a better understanding on how the solar system was made and we switched from believing in the geocentric to the heliocentric theories during this time. this was also a time where people started to think logically and conduct experiments to prove hypothesis instead of just believing whatever they heard. -
Galileo Galilei supports the heliocentric theory
Copernicus was the first to believe in the heliocentric theory after he had spent years studying the sky. he soon realized that the sun and other planets to not orbit around the Earth, but the Earth is no different from the other planets and they all orbit the sun which is at the center of the Universe. he wrote and published a book proving this theory which then caused the people to doubt the church and believe Galileo and Copernicus. Galileo was soon sentenced to a life in prison in 1633. -
english civil war (start)
the english civil war had ended to notion of the divine right of kings and laid the groundwork for the modern UK parliament and monarchy. this also had a great significance on Britain because of its great effect on the development of the military and the economy. this was where the absolute power in Britain was abolished and they were ruled by the Parliament. -
Hobbes’s Leviathan is published
Thomas Hobbe's Leviathan is remembered as one of the earliest and most influential examples of the social contract theory. it was written during the english civil war and it argues for a social contract to be represented along with a rule by an absolute monarch. this "Leviathan" was a book explaining what Hobbe's perfect government would look like. -
english civil war (end)
the english civil war lasted from august 22, 1642 to september 3, 1651. this was the time in British history where the absolute power/ monarchy was destroyed and Britain was then led by the Parliament. the English Civil war was based on leadership and because of the new model army, the Parliament had a trained and disciplined army which helped to lead them to their victory. -
scientific revolution (end)
the end of the scientific revolution was significant because of how influential the revolution was. it caused people to question the church and start to think for themselves. the views of society and nature, more specifically the universe, were transformed during this revolution. the scientific method was also created during this time which caused people to have to prove what they were saying before they could say it. -
glorious revolution (start)
the glorious revolution permanently established the Parliament as the ruling power of England and eventually the United Kingdom. this was significant because is demonstrated a shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. this also had an impact on the 13 colonies in North America because once King James was overthrown, the colonists were temporarily freed of strict anti- Puritan laws. -
glorious revolution (end)
not only did the glorious revolution change how England was being governed, by giving the Parliament more power over the monarchy, it also guided as a start for the beginning of a political democracy. this revolution ended when King James had fled to France instead of staying and fighting. this revolution was a major turning part in English constitutional history because of the shift of power along with a Bill of Rights being established in 1689. -
Locke’s Two Treatises of Government is published
according to John Locke in his Two Treatises of Government, the only and most important job the government has to to protect the citizens natural rights that the individual cannot effectively protect in a state of nature. the natural rights are the rights to life, liberty and property. Locke believes that everyone should have the security that their rights to life, liberty and property are protected. -
age of enlightenment (start)
the enlightenment is where thinkers in Britain, France and all throughout Europe had questioned traditional authority and had embraced the notion that humanity could be changed and improved through a rational change. the enlightenment has also helped combat the excesses of the church, established science as a source of knowledge and defunded human rights against a tyranny. -
Diderot Publishes First Volumes of Encyclopedia
seventeen volumes of the Encyclopedies text were publishes in the time between 1751 and 1765 while another eleven volumes were publishes between the years 1762 and 1772 which made for a total of 28 volumes. the Encyclopedie is most famous fro representing the thought of the Enlightenment. the Encyclopedie's aim was "to chance the way people think" according to Denis Dederot. -
Louis XVI’s reign (start)
Louis SVI was the last Bourbon king of France who was executed in January 1793 for treason while his wife, Marie Antoinette, was executed later in the year in October for the same reason. King Louis XVI was the cause for the start of the French Revolution because of his failure to address the drought which led to starvation along with the economic failure. he made matters worse as he continued to spend all of Frances money on his extravagant lifestyle alongside his wife. -
american revolution (start)
the french revolution was highly inspired by the american revolution. the american revolution was a war fought between the 13 colonies of North America and Britain. the colonies were fighting for freedom. this war lasted from 1775 to 1783. the declaration was written and signed in 1776. the battle was between george washington of the 13 colonies and general charles cornwallis of Britain. -
lexington and concord
the battles at lexington and concord had signaled the start fo the american revolutionary war, or the american revolution, on April 19, 1775. this battle took place when the british army had set out from boston to capture rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock in lexington along with destroy the americans store of weapons and ammunition in Concord. -
declaration of independence
the declaration of independence makes up 1 of the 2 most important documents in American history. it sits alongside the Constitution. first off, it contains the goals of America. secondly, it contains the complaints of the colonists against the British King, King George. third and finally, it contains the arguments from the colonists which explained why they wanted to be free of the British rule. -
american revolution (end)
the end of the american revolution signified that it was done. America was officially free. in 1793 General Cornwallis of Britain was surrounded and forced to surrender the British rule at Yorktown, Virginia. the treaty of paris was then signed which made the whole thing official: America was actually free of British rule. the French revolution was highly inspired by the American Revolution so the fact America had one had given the members of the third estate some hope. -
age of enlightenment (end)
it was a thought throughout the Enlightenment that human reasoning could discover the truths about the world, religion, and politics and it could be used to improve the lives of the people. it came to its end when many scholars used the last years of the century to date the end of the Enlightenment. this was most likely the French Revolution of 1789 or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars from 1804 to 1805. -
national assembly is formed in France
the national constituent assembly is most commonly remembered for passing the Declaration of Rights fo Man and of the Citizen (the DOROMAC). it was created by the Estates- general that Louis XVI had called in 1789 and its purpose was to deal with the ongoing economic crisis in France. this was a hard task to do with the royal family spending all fo France's well- earned and much- needed money on the most unimportant things. -
declaration of rights of man and citizen
the national constituent assembly is most commonly remembers for passing the Declaration of Rights fo Man and of the Citizen. this was the French version fo the English Bill of Rights. this document became a dependant feature document of the French Revolution. it was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson and General Lafayette who actually introduced it. it is a detailed declaration of the rights of men and equality and the rights they should have. (inspired by the american revolution) -
Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women is published
Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was considered to be a "ground- breaking" work of literature which talked about feminism and human rights. most of the rights this book declared are still used to this day. this book was published in late 1790 and it was a reaction to Edmund Burke's Reflections which was published during the French Revolution. -
tennis court oath
the tennis curt oath was when the member fo the third estate of France vowed "not to separate and to reassemble wherever require until the Constitution of the kingdom is established". the third estate was locked out fo the building by the first and second estates so they met on a tennis court. they were determined to get the rights that they deserve. this showed the dislike of King Louis XVI and it served as a foundation for later events including the DOROMAC and the storming of the Bastille. -
Legislative Assembly is formed in France
the Legislative Assembly was the governing body of France between October 1791 and September 1792. it had replaced the national constituent assembly which created the Declaration of Right of Man and Citizen (DOROMAC) in 1789. the legislative assembly was formed under the French Constitution of 1791 and it created a constitutional monarchy with King Louis XVI as the head of the state. -
bill of rights signed
the bill of rights is made up of many different amendments that guarantee essential rights and civil liberties to the people. the first 10 amendments were ratified in 1791. the bill of rights is also a part of the constitution. it promises rights such as freedom of speech, religion, press, etc and right to bare arms. it promises the people basic rights that they should have since the day they were born. -
Louis XVI’s reign (end)
it is safe to say the king Louis XVI was the cause of the French Revolution. he was executed in January of 1793 for treason and his wife was killed later that year in October for the same reason. he failed to acknowledge the two main problems going on in France- the drought which led to starvation and the economy downfall (France had no money). he even made matters worse alongside his wife while they spent an extravagant amount of money during their reign as king and queen. -
execution of Louis XVI
King Louis XVI was not exactly the best king there was. France had two major problems during the french revolution and those included the drought which led to starvation and economy failure. this king failed to acknowledge/ address either one of these. in fact, he made matters worse as he insisted him and his wife, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life. the couple spent so much of France's well- earned and much- needed money on the most unimportant things. -
reign of terror (start)
the reign of terror was a horrible time in Frances history. it lasted from September 1793 to the killing/ execution fo Robespierre in July 1794. the purpose of this reign was to kill any French citizen who did not one hundred percent agree with the beliefs of Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre was a good guy while he was an influential figure during the French Revolution but when he got power his ways switched. he took the lives of tens of thousands innocent French citizens. -
execution of Marie Antoinette
on January 21, 1793 King Louis was executed by guillotine. by october of the same year, his wife Marie Antoinette was dragged to the guillotine as well. this was a month into the Reign of Terror which took the lives of tens of thousands french citizens. her life was took because of her selfish actions as queen including her waste of the French money causing France lots of problems. she lived an amazing life while her people were suffering and for that they took her head. -
reign of terror (end)
in July of 1794, Robespierre, the creator and the Reign of Terror, was arrested and executed along with his fellow Jacobins and it led to the end of the Reign of Terror. the Reign of Terror lasted from September 1793 to when Robespierre was killed in July 1794. during this time many innocent lives of the french citizens were taken. tens of thousands were killed because of their beliefs and their lack of agreeing with Robespierre. -
Napoleon’s coup
this coup overthrew the system of government under the directory in France. he replaced the government with the French Consulate and named himself as the First Consul. this also marked the end of the French Revolution. In order to do this, napoleon drew together an alliance with important political figures and they overthrew the directory by a coup d-etat on November 9, 1799.