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Expulsion of the Jesuits
Slaves used to be evangelized and educated by Jesuit missionaries. However in 1767 the Jesuits were expelled from the colony of Saint Domingue. This event left the slaves to their own resources. They eventually created their own culture, with thei own language, religion and traditions, strongly influenced by African culture. -
Start of the American Revolution
After the second Continental Congress meeting, violence had erupted. On April 19, militiamen faught against British soldiers in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, marking the first shots fired in the Revolutionary War. -
Declaration of the American Independence
On a meeting in Philadelphia by the Continental Congress, it was eclared that the thirteen colonies would now become independent, no longer property of Britain. The declaration of Independence was written by Thomass Jefferson. -
Storm of the Bastille
After the tennis court oath, citizens were determined to accomplish their goal: the creation of a constitution. On July 14, 1789 rioters stormed the Bastille to take gunpowder and other weapons. This event was significant to the start of the revolution. -
The Ogé Rebellion
Jacques Vincent Ogé leads a revolt against the white colonial authorities. Ogé travels to the United States, and in October 21 he returns to Saint Domingue with new weaponry. Ogé then reunites with mulattoes and free black people to take the city and disarm the white. However, the colonists outnumber the rebels, defeating Ogé and making him escape to the mountains of Saint Domingue. -
Chaos in Haiti
The structure and organization in Saint Domingue was changing rapidly, crating huge social and administrative chaos . There were internal divisions among royalists and reformists, but in this time, the relations among planters and officials erupted into fight. The planters, however, were concentrated in mantaining their power and couldn't see the effects the chaos was having on their slaves. -
Violence breaks out
Negotiations between rebels and colonists failed, creating violence in Les Cayes. Slaves divide in smaller groups and start to attack plantations, starting with one used as a military camp by colonists. In response, Governor Blanchelande has is in charge of disarming the slaves. -
The counterattack against Blanchelande
Blanchelande plans his attacks against the slaves. However, the slaves are informed about his plans and prepare a counterattack. The groups of the slaves created disorder and killed 200 of Blanchelande's troops. Colonists get angry at Blanchelande, who is later departed to France. Despite that, planters still refuse to negotiate with slaves. -
Bois Caïman ceremony
The Haitian Revolution began with the Bois Caïman ceremony, which is a popular voodoo ceremony. Slaves met in the forest to make plans to burn more plantations and start formally the rebellion. -
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Haiti
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The Oficial Start
The rebellion officially starts, by taking the whites in the northern part of Saint Domingue by surprise. Slaves go plantation by plantation, setting each one on fire, killing whites and taking prisoners. -
Reign of Terror
The National Convention had the power under Maximilien Robespierre. He had begun the Reign of Terror. On January 21, Robespierre condemned King Louis XVI and his wife to death, by the guillotine. Millions of people were killed using this terrific device. -
L'Overture with and against Spain
L'Overture was a free man who had his own plantations. He allied with the slaves against the colonists. At first, the rebels were on the Spanish side, but on Feb. 4, 1794, the French abolished slavery. This changed sides, and now L’Ouverture was fighting against the Spanish. -
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte, and exceptional military, organized a coup de ta to abolish the Directiry and setting himself on power. This was the start of the Napoleonic Era, where France would dominate huge parts of Europe. -
L’Ouverture and a new constitution
L’Ouverture participated in the creation of a new constitution, establishing his authority and power for life over the island of Hispaniola, His goal was to abolish slavery and reform land ownership. However, fights continued until 1803. -
Independence of Haiti
Dessalines proclaims Haiti’s independence, starting the formation of the first black republic. He publishes a Declaration of Independence, where the original Taino name of Hayti is officially restored. -
Steam Locomotive
The first steam locomotive, made by Richard Trevithick, was operated on this date. -
New emperor
Dessalines, a former slave and leader of some revolutionary battles, is crowned Emperor Jacques I of Haiti. -
The first Constitution
Dessalines ratifies Haiti’s first constitution, which enforces the nation's unity. It also declares all the people living in Haiti as black. The constitution reaffirms the permanent abolition of slavery, that all Haitians are free and equal, and the people's right of land ownership. -
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J. de San Martín
It all started when in 1808, at the Battle of Bailén, San Martín was promoted to lieutenant colonel, being against Napoleonic troops. He later returned to Buenos Aires, to defend the nation supporting revolutionary ideas. In Sept. 20, 1822, San Martín resigned his protectorship from Perú. -
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Simon Bolivar
It all started in 1810, when Bolivar became leader of the Patriotic Society of Caracas, which lead the revolts for independence, and ended with his death in 1830. -
Independence of Argentina
On July 9, 1816, the declaration of independence of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (modern-day Argentina, Uruguay and part of Bolivia)was declared in a meeting of congress in Tucumán. Independence was put into effect in 1817, when General San Martín's troops defeated the Spanish army. -
Chile
San Martín took Santiago in February 15, 1817. The Declaration of Independence of Chile was officially stated in 1818. The las battle was won by the Revolutionaries in Maipo River (April 5, 1818). -
Former Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada
The victory in the Battle of Boyacá lead to the independence of the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada, which included today's Colombia, Panamá, Ecuador and Venezuela. -
Independence of Venezuela
In the Battle of Carabobo, Venezuela turned out free from Spanish rule. The independence, however, is celebrated in July 5, 1811, with the creation of the First Republic of Venezuela. -
Independence of Perú
José de San Martín and Simón Bolivar met and decided to liberate Perú together. However, Bolivar ended up liberating the part known as Alto Perú, creating Bolivia, and the rest was declared independent by San Martín. San Martín was able to take out the principal Spanish armies on April 5, 1818, at the Battle of Maipú. San Martín and his army then entered Lima. The independence of Peru was proclaimed on July 28, 1821. -
Independence of Colombia
Colombia became an independent nation, free from the Spanish. -
Panamá
Psnamá was liberated from Spanish control, with the help of Simón Bolivar, and by this date it became part of Colombia. -
Independence of Ecuador
During the battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, Ecuador achieved its independence with both of Bolivar's and San Martín's help. -
Bolivian Independence
Bolivia became and independent nation, separated from Perú and completely liberated from the Spanish. -
Dynamite
Afred Nobel invents dynamite, making excavation easier. However, this invention created also many dangers for humans. -
Invention of telephone
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. -
Diesel internal combustion
Rudolph Diesel invents the diesel fueled internal combustion. -
Airplane
On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright successfuly flew in their first powered aircraft.