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General William Hull Invades Canada
Hull's invasion is recognized as the first major offensive since the start of the war with the General capturing the city of Sandwich.
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Schulman, M. (n.d.). Hull attacks Canada. https://www.historycentral.com/1812/hull.html -
U.S. Declares War on Great Britain
Marks the start of the War of 1812 and the American effort to gain territory within Canada, rescue captured U.S. sailors, and halt the British from interfering in American trade.
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1812: A Nation Emerges | National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. (n.d.). https://npg.si.edu/exhibit/1812/causes.html#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20had%20many,America%3B%20and%20upholding%20the%20nation's -
The Battle of River Raisin
With the result being a G.B. victory, many American troops were captured. Around 60 American troops were left in the town of Frenchtown. Locals took them in to tend to, and when Native American troops returned the next day, those who could walk ran, and those who couldn't run were killed, now called the River Rasin Massacre.
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River Raisin. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/river-raisin -
The Battle of Thames
This battle was a U.S. victory but is more notable for the death of Tecumseh, a Native American leader and commander for the British. After his death, the tribes he oversaw began to crumble and dismantle without his leadership, leading to the disbanding of many indigenous groups.
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Battle of the Thames. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/battle-thames -
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
A notable event in the War of 1812, this battle brought an end to resistance from Creek tribes against American troops seeking to travel southeast. This then would set the scene for settlers to move into Mississippi territory years later.
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Horseshoe bend. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/horseshoe-bend -
Battle of Lundy's Lane
Lundy's Lane was the bloodiest and arguably most intense battle in the War of 1812. American troops tried to seize the area near Niagra Falls but ultimately failed. It put an end to American offensives in the Canadian theater.
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PARKS Canada - Battle of Lundy鈥檚 Lane National Historic Site of Canada. (n.d.). https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=428#:~:text=The%20Battle%20of%20Lundy's%20Lane%20was%20designated%20a%20national%20historic,American%20offensive%20in%20Upper%20Canada. -
Washington D.C. Burned
In response to American troops burning government buildings in Canada and attacking Canadian territory, British soldiers were ordered to march onto Washington D.C. and burn the White House. It was chosen due to it being a symbol of American progress and how poorly it was defended.
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The burning of Washington. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/videos/untold/burning-washington -
'The Star Spangled Banner" is Written
After watching the Battle of Fort McHenry from a ship where he was negotiating the release of American prisoners, Francis Scott Key started to write the beginnings of a poem that would later be written into the U.S.'s national anthem "The Star Spangled Banner."
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Francis Scott Key. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/francis-scott-key -
Treaty of Ghent is Signed
The Treaty of Ghent was approved by the British Parliament in December 1814, though the war only ended after it was ratified by the U.S. Congress. Great Britain relinquished their territory in the northwest and agreed to not arm Native Americans. However, it did not address any of the issues that began the war.
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History, T. O. G.-. S. D. &. D. |. (2018, August 21). Treaty of Ghent - Significance, Definition & Date | HISTORY. HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/treaty-of-ghent -
The Battle of New Orleans
The Battle of New Orleans was a massive U.S. Victory despite occurring after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. This both increased the American public's pride post-war and propelled Andrew Jackson into the spotlight as a revered war hero, setting him up for his future presidency.
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New Orleans. (n.d.). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/new-orleans