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Mussolini´s Birth
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party. He ruled Italy as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943; he constitutionally led the country until 1925, when he dropped the pretence of democracy and established a dictatorship. Mussolini was born in Predappio, Italy. -
Adolf Hitler's Birth
Adolf was born on April 20, 1889, in a city named Braunau am Inn in the country of Austria. He was the leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945. He also led the Nazi party and became a powerful dictator. Hitler started World War II by invading Poland and then invading many other European countries. He is also known for wanting to exterminate the Jewish people in the Holocaust. More interesting information here :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rZ4xwuAWFE -
Hitler Joins World War 1
At the beginning of the First World War, Hitler joins the German army, specifically, the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment. He stands out as a good soldier, being promoted to corporal and receiving the Iron Cross for being a runner on the western front. (Depicted is Hitler, on the far right, with some of his fellow soldiers of the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment) -
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. -
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia / Beginning of WW1
Because of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, where the terrorist group that was responsible for his death, hailed from. -
United States declares war on Germany
After the Zimmerman Telegram and the sinking of the Lusitania, Germany had a new submarine offensive. President Wilson and the House agreed that the US should go to war. -
End of the First World War
After years of relative stagnation, the war began to decrease in December 1917 with the fall of the Russian government after the February Revolution and the signing of a peace agreement between revolutionary Russia and the Central Powers after the October Revolution, in March 1918. Germany, in full revolution, requested an armistice on November 11, 1918, ending the war with the Allied victory. More information: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial -
Fascist party founded
The Italian Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista—PNF) was the political party of the fascist movement founded in Italy by Benito Mussolini in 1919. When Mussolini took power in 1922, the PNF became the dominant political party in Italy and helped Mussolini turn the country into a totalitarian state. -
Treaty of Versailles signed
After six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference, on June 28, 1919, the allied countries signed the Versailles Treaty with Germany, and others throughout the following year with each of the defeated powers.
During the peace conference held in Paris, all the countries, but mostly the allies, decided on post-war terms. These were organized in 14 points. -
Mussolini leads Blackshirts on Rome to Seize Power
Mussolini leads his Blackshirts on Rome so he can seize power. He succeeds, creating the world's first fascist government. King Victor Emmanuel III will have little choice but to turn the government over to Mussolini because he has the support of the military, the industrial and capitalist leaders, and the right-wing. -
Fascist Voluntary Militia forms in Italy under Mussolini
On February 1, 1923, the private Blackshirts were officially transformed into a national militia, the Voluntary Fascist Militia for National Security. The black shirt was worn not only by these military Fascists but also by other Fascists and their sympathizers, especially on patriotic occasions. -
Coup d'etat in Munich
On November 8–9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempt to overthrow the German government. This attempted coup d'état came to be known as the Beer Hall Putsch.
The putsch failed and Bavarian authorities prosecuted nine participants, including Hitler. Despite its failure, the leaders ultimately redefined the putsch as a heroic effort to save the nation. -
Benito Mussolini declares himself dictator of Italy
Refusing to pass martial law, King Victor Emmanuel III dissolved the government and asked Mussolini to form a new one. Mussolini became Prime Minister, as well as Minister of the Interior and Minister for Foreign Affairs. Mussolini did not become a dictator overnight, but a speech he gave to the Italian parliament on January 3, 1925, asserting his right to supreme power is generally seen as the effective date that Mussolini declared himself dictator of Italy. -
Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf is an autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Hitler began Mein Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be "political crimes" following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923. -
Adolf Hitler is named chancellor of Germany
On January 30, 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany. -
Holocaust Begins
The elimination of Jews from Eastern Europe by the Nazi Party (led by Hitler) begins. (Depicted are prisoners in a concentration camp during the Holocaust) -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Rome-Berlin Axis, Coalition formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulated by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939. The term Axis Powers came to include Japan as well. -
Popular Front takes over the elections
The popular front was comprised of various left-wing political organizations formed in 1936. Their coming to power marked the end of any hope for Catholic political influence. The Popular Front was heavily influenced by the USSR and communism. When they won the election, there were many outbursts and a revolt from the right-wing and the nationalists led by Franco. This military uprising is known to be one of the main causes of the Spanish Civil War. -
Spanish Civil War breaks out
The Spanish Civil War begins as a revolt by right-wing Spanish military officers in Spanish Morocco and spreads to mainland Spain. From the Canary Islands, General Francisco Franco broadcasts a message calling for all army officers to join the uprising and overthrow Spain’s leftist Republican government. Within three days, the rebels captured Morocco, much of northern Spain, and several key cities in the south. -
The Siege of Alcazar
This was an attack by the popular front, the Republicans, on the Alcazar of Toledo that resulted in Nationalist victory. To the nationalists, the Alcazar represented the strength and dominance of Spain so losing the Alcazar would have been detrimental to their vision and morale. This attack was also for the Second Spanish Republic to show itself deeply anti-catholic. -
German and Italian Planes arrive to support Franco
Germany and Italy decide to assist Franco in the Spanish Civil War. They mostly agree because of their support for the fascist government. Having Germany and Italy as an ally in the war was extremely beneficial for the Nationalists and one of the reasons they won the war. In addition, the air force supplied by German and Italian troops, participated in several air bombardments on Barcelona and Madrid that weakened the Republicans and caused them to surrender. -
The Republican Invasion Of Majorica
On August 16 1936, the Republican troops landed at Majorica and were able to push inland 12 km. However, the Nationalists had become stronger after getting supplies and air support from Italy. The Republicans were defeated and the land was left in the Nationalists hands. After this retreat, Cabrera fell to the Nationalists and Ibiza was captured by the Majorica Garrison. -
The Battle For Madrid
During the Battle for Madrid, the republicans held Madrid for the autumn of 1936. After the capture of Toledo, Franco made Madrid the target for the Republicans. This battle was the first in the Nationalists' three-year attempt to conquer Madrid. In this Battle, Franco attempted to storm Madrid but he failed both by assault and aerial bombardment. This was a prelude to the Battle of Malaga. -
The Battle of Malaga
This battle began when Nationalist and Italian forces wanted to eliminate Republican control of the province of Málaga during the Spanish Civil War. With the help of Moroccan regular and Italian tanks, the Spanish Republic Army withdrew completely. This Republican defeat caused the communists in the Valencia government to force the resignation of the Under Secretary of War and replace him with a man with no military background. -
The Bombing of Guernica
The bombing of Guernica was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica by the nationalist government with support from Germany and Italy. The Nationalists faced little resistance and were able to overrun the town. The bombing was one of the first attacks on civilians by an air force. The bombing shocked and inspired many works of art and pieces of literature such as Picasso's famous anti-war painting. -
Battle of Bilbao
During the Battle of Bilbao, the Nationalist army captured the city and the rest of the Basque Country that was still occupied by the Republicans. The Republicans fell back on their "Ring of Iron" defence, however, the defence was not a match for the heavy artillery bombardment from the Nationalist side. This allowed for the Nationalists to gain control of some of the north of Spain. This capture was seen as the key to ending the war in the north of Spain. -
Vatican Recognizes Franco as Spanish Head Of State
Franco and the Nationalists wanted to rule Spain following Catholic morals. This acknowledgement from the Vatican shows what side the Catholic Church supported in the war. The Republicans wanted a secular government and other things that were in violation with the Catholic Church. -
The Munich Agreement led to a new War
With the aim of annexing Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) to Germany, Hitler summons the leaders of France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany to Monaco to discuss a peaceful annexation. He gets the territories he wants, but, in open violation of the pact, he manages to invade the rest of Czechoslovakia the following year. -
The Surrender of Madrid
After the Nationalists three-year attempt to conquerer Madrid, the population was severely suffering from a lack of food, warm clothes and arms and ammunition and Franco was continuing to bombard the city. Conditions became so bad that Republican Colonel tried to negotiate with Franco, however, they were forced to surrender unconditionally and leave the city of Madrid in the hands of the Nationalists. The Surrender of Madrid consequently became the factor that ended the war. -
The Spanish Civil War Ends
After the Surrender of Madrid, the Nationalists claimed victory in the Spanish Civil War. the Nationalist victory gave Francisco Franco power in Spain. Up to a million lives were lost over the year in the Spanish Civil War, the most in Spanish history. The power of the Catholic church was also restored under the Nationalists reign. -
Beginning of Franquismo
On April 1, 1939, the Spanish Civil War ended, beginning the period of the Franco regime that placed Francisco Franco as Head of State until his death in 1975
More information in an animated way here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjN093kUVaA -
Germany invades Poland: the Second World War begins
After establishing a non-aggression pact with Soviet Russia, Hitler attacks Poland, occupying it in three weeks. This time, the allied powers react, declaring war on Germany on September 3rd. World War II begins. -
Countries involved in World War II
The countries that were recognized as being Allied Powers in World War II include...
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Newfoundland
New Zealand
South Africa
The Soviet Union
The United Kingdom
The United States of America The main players in the Axis Powers were the Empire of Japan, the Kingdom of Italy, and Germany. Heres a video you can check out for more detailed information: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxFGq7FHsAo -
The fall of France: Hitler's greatest success
Following the Fall Gelb (the Yellow Plan), German forces storm into France from the Ardennes. Within a month, French troops were defeated and forced to retreat from a masterful German attack, coordinated between ground and air force troops. On 14 June 1940, Paris fell into German hands and on 22 June France surrendered. -
The awakening of the giant: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
In response to the American embargo on oil, Emperor Hirohito's Japan attacks the naval base in Pearl Harbor (Hawaii). The American fleet in the Pacific is devastated: although the aircraft carriers were saved, being in other places, the attack sank 5 battleships and destroyed 200 planes. The surprise attack led America, ruled by Franklin Roosevelt to declare war on the Axis powers. -
The greatest battle in History: Stalingrad
The Germans managed to occupy the city of Stalin, a crucial junction towards the oil wells of the Caucasus, but the Soviet counter-offensive at the beginning of the Russian winter forced them to fight an urban war in which each house became a battlefield. The surrender of the German Sixth Army on February 8 marked the end of a battle that caused 2 million victims, as well as marking the end of the Nazi advance eastward. -
Battle of El-Alamein
Rommel, one step away from the conquest of Egypt, was stopped by the British troops of Montgomery. The defeat of Axis forces was followed by a retreat to Tunisia, which led to the loss of all Italian northern Africa. -
Benito Mussolini falls from power
On this day in 1943, Benito Mussolini, fascist dictator of Italy, is voted out of power by his own Grand Council and arrested upon leaving a meeting with King Vittorio Emanuele, who tells Il Duce that the war is lost. Mussolini responded to it all with uncharacteristic meekness. -
Operation Valkyrie
The attempt to kill Hitler perpetrated by the German high military spheres resulted in a failure. The Nazi retaliation gave Hitler absolute control over the Wehrmacht but led to the elimination of capable generals. -
The horror of the Shoah
The advance of the Soviets to the east and the Allies to the west forced the Germans to clear the concentration camps, where in previous years they had systematically eliminated millions of "undesirables" (Jews, homosexuals, Slavs, opponents of Nazism). The liberation of some camps by Allied troops showed the world the horrors that Hitler and his loyalists had committed. -
Italian Civil War is over
With the liberation of Milan, the war in Italy comes to an end. The partisan insurrections throughout Northern Italy led to the surrender of the last forces of the Republic of Salò. Mussolini, who tried to escape to Switzerland, was captured by the partisans near Dongo and shot on April 28th. -
Death of Mussolini
The council of partisan leaders, lead by the Communists, secretly decided to execute Mussolini and 15 leading Fascists in retaliation. They were executed on April 29, 1945, and their bodies were hung at an Esso gas station in the Piazzale Loreto in Milan. -
Hitler commits suicide
Locked up in his bunker, with the Soviets 200 meters from him and aware that, by now, there was nothing more to do, Hitler and his partner Eva Braun commit suicide, swallowing a cyanide pill and shooting himself in the head. The leadership of the Third Reich passed to Admiral Karl Dönitz, who surrendered to the Soviets on 2 May. -
The atomic bomb
To bring Japan to surrender, Truman gave orders to use the new American weapon: the Atomic Bomb. On August 6, Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima. On the 9th, Fat Man destroyed Nagasaki. Within half an hour, 160,000 civilian casualties were wiped out. -
Japan surrenders: WWII is over
Following the atomic bombings and the Soviet attack on Manchuria, Hirohito realized that there was nothing left to do now. On August 15, Japan surrendered to the Allies and the surrender was formalized on September 2. After 6 years of fighting in Europe, Africa and the Pacific, World War II finally came to an end. -
Birth of the United Nations
Roosevelt's idea, which devoted much of its management of the war to it, the founding of a supranational body, the United Nations, occurred at the end of the war. The UN served to protect democracy and world peace at the end of the Second World War carnage, which caused 71 million deaths. -
End of franquismo
Franco was invested as supreme commander of the revolted side on October 1, 1936, and served as leader of Spain from the end of the conflict until his death in 1975, which initiated the Transition process that would lead to the entry of democracy into the Spanish political system. -
Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)
The Afghanistan conflict is a series of wars that have been fought in Afghanistan since 1978. Starting with the Saur Revolution military coup, an almost continuous series of armed conflicts has dominated and afflicted Afghanistan. The wars include:
The Soviet-Afghan War began in 1979 and ended in 1989.
The Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
The Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
The United States invasion of Afghanistan started on October 7, 2001
The War in Afghanistan (2001–present) -
Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)
The Yemeni Crisis began with the 2011–12 revolution against President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who had led Yemen for more than three decades.
After Saleh left office in early 2012 as part of a mediated agreement between the Yemeni government and opposition groups, the government led by Saleh's former vice president, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, struggled to unite the fractious political landscape of the country and fend off threats both from Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and Houthi militants. -
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, along with domestic and foreign allies, and various domestic and foreign forces opposing both the Syrian government and each other in varying combinations. The war is currently the second deadliest of the 21st century.
