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The Revolution
-This newspaper was established by women's rights activist Susan B, Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-Its primarily focused on women's rights, especially women's suffrage, is the right of women to vote in elections
-It gave Stanton and Anthony a means for expressing their views about the issues being disputed when it would have been difficult for them to make their voiced heard
-It helped them strengthen their movement and prepare the way for an organization represent women's rights -
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Populist Party (Peoples Party)
-The purpose of the "peoples party" was to increase in the money supply to help for farmers and workers
-It was mainly towards struggling farmers and desperate laborers
-The moment is associated with granger(the farmers moment)
-The populists programs eventually became the platform of the democratic party and kept alive the concept that the government is responsible for reforming social injustices
-James B. Weaver was the populist candidate for president that year he pulled over 1,041,000 -
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
-WCTU fought for prohibition, the banning of alcoholic beverages, wanted immigrants and poor city dwells to uplift themselves
-Frances Willard helped transform the union from small mid-western religious group to a national organization
-Aroused tension between immigrants because their customs included alcohol consumption -
Assassination of President James Garfield
-Shot came from .44 British Bulldog which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum.
-He had killed Garfield because of the president's refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-The assassin was known around Washington as a emotionally disturbed man
-He was convinced that is a God's work -
Pendleton Act
-Patronage system is a practice in which a political party after winning an election gives gov jobs to its supporters
-Merit system is the process of promoting and hiring gov employees based on their ability to preform a job
-The cause was because President Garfield was shot two times by Charles Guiteau whom he had been turned down from a job chester after he became president
-The effect on society was officials could no longer pressure employees for campaign contributors -
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
-The act created a federal regulatory agency, which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied with the new regulations
-First law to regulate private industry in U.S
-The power of the act is to the railroads rates be "reasonable and just"
-Interstate commerce Commission (ICC)-Enforce the regulation and investigate allegations of fraud, deception and discrimination. -
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Harsh Working Conditions
-The children were paid less than 10 cents an hour for fourteen hours a day of working
-Women earned an average of $267 a year nearly half of men's average $498
-Employees were not entitled to vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or reimbursements for injuries suffered on the job -
Sherman Antitrust Act
-Purpose was to prohibit trust, trust were arrangements where stockholders transferred their shares to a single group of men.
-Congress wanted to regulate Interstate Commerce and also prohibit monopolies and activities that hindered competition.
-First federal program for regulating private business.
-Standard oil felt pressure from government
-Andrew Carnegie>Accumulation of great wealth by a few in any capitalist society -
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The Progressive Era
-The Progressive Era was a time of social and political reforms,during which corruption and social inequalities were exposed, and many changes were made to American society
-Progressive Era was a time of reform such as the initiative and referendum(vote) -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells, one of the co-founders of the NAACP, wrote the Red Record
-The central topic of this pamphlet was to inform everyone on how black people were being treat for example some would get lynched, some of the states would treat them horribly like Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas, and what they would be punished for.
-The Red Record's effect on society is the states began recognizing the seriousness of these subjects, and began taking action. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
-Black train passenger, Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law
-By a 7-1 vote, the court said that a state law that "implies merely a legal distinction" between the two races did not conflict with 13th amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, nor did it reestablish such a condition
-The discussion established the doctrine of "separate but equal" which allowed states to maintain segregated facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equality. -
Klondike Gold Rush
-The Klondike Gold Rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,000 people prospecting to the Klondike region of North-western Canada only 30,000 actually made it to the Klondike
-Gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike River
-Newspaper created a hysteria that was nation-wide and many people quit their jobs and then left for the Klondike to become gold diggers
-Many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling to the prospectors -
The Jungle
-Published February 26, 1906
-Author of the book is a muckraker named Upton Sinclair
-Written to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities
-Concerned with the exposure of health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meat packaging industry during the early 20th century, which contributed to a public outery, that led to reforms including the meat inspection act and the pure food and drug act. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
-The cause of the pure food and drug act was because of all the muckrakers like Upton Sinclair writing stories on the working conditions and how filthy the factories were.
-The power of the pure food and drug act is to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific support.
-The pure food and drug act they had the responsibility of testing all foods and drugs destined for human consumption, and requirement for prescriptions. -
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Social Gospel
-Settlement homes like the Hull house with Jane Addams and religious groups helped start the "Social Gospel Movement"
-They believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problems and reached salvation through serve to the poor
-They were criticized by others the social gospel movement because they did not believe their reforms could help
-The progressive era inspired reform activities like the Young Men's Christian Association and the inspiration of Women's Christian Temperance Union -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP)
-W.E.B Du Bois, Ida B. Wells
-Founded to fight the Plessy v. Ferguson
-Fought for equal rights of African Americans
-The NAACP's principal objective is to ensure political, educational, social and economic equality of all minority groups and eliminate racism and the barriers of racial prejudice -
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Progressive Party (Bull Moose)
-The founder of the bull moose party is Theodore Roosevelt.
-He was defeated in the republic primaries and broke off
-The party advocated women suffrage, workmen's compensation an eight hour work day, a minimum wage for women, federal law against child labor, and federal trade -
17th Amendment
-17th Amendment allowed the people to choose and vote for who the state senate will be.
-The effect of the 17th Amendment was direct election, which is where citizens themselves vote for who will be senator
-Patronage-giving government jobs to the people who helped the president get elected. -
Federal Reserve Act
-Nation needed a way to strengthen the ways in which banks were run.
-The act divided the nation into 12 districts and established a central bank in each district.
-The federal reserve banks could issue new paper currency in emergency situations and members banks could use the new currency to make loans to their customers.
-By 1923 roughly 70% of the nations banking resources were part of the federal reserve system. -
18th Amendment
-The 18th amendment was the result of decades of effort by the temperance movement in the US
-It led to rise in organized crime as the bootlegging of alcohol became an ever-more assertive operation
-Banned the sale and drinking of alcohol in the US
-The amendment took effect in 1919 and was a huge failure -
18th Amendment Vocabulary
Temperance- abstinence from alcoholic drinks
Prohibition- legal act of prohibiting the manufacture storage in barrels, bottles, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages
Speak-Easy- an illicit liquor store or nightclub
Flapper- a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standard of behavior