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Benito Mussolini- Italy
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy & other European countries after 1619
-Fascist program emphasized intense nationalism, productivism, anti socialism, elitism and the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Joseph Stalin- USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population & send many people to prison & labor camps
-One of the communist leader's greatest task collectivize farming. Stalin created a state owned farm
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
Japan expansion
-In September 1931 japan army moved into Manchuria after an explosion damaged a railway line near the city of Mukden
-Wanted to control China & Asian Markets
-They could use for economic prosperity & trading routes would be a key role for the spread of their imperialism -
Adolph Hitler- Germany
-A dictatorship requires one person & one party to be in control of a nation & a nation & a country
-Personal freedom disappear in Nazi Germany
-Hitler asked Hindenburg to grant him emergency power in view of the " communist Takeover" -
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Advance Technology in WW2
-Torpedo's were used to destroy submarines & ships from long distance because bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damage
-Bombing Raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area, such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
-Wolf packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships, warships, & submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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Axis Powers of WW2
-The axis powers of WW2 were Germany, Italy, And Japan. This was originally between Germany & Italy by binding Rome & Berlin. The reason for the German's started the war since Hitler had came into power & felt that the German's deserved better than what the treat left them with, then Italy joined because the fascist leader Mussolini was to spread fascism throughout Europe, & Japan had joined because they were already invading China & they wanted to push their expansion further -
German Expansion
-The German invasion of Western Poland on September 1, 1939 led to ww2. between 1939 & 1941 the German army invaded & occupied many countries. including the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourger, France, Denmark, Norway & Western Poland. The invasion of Poland led both Britain & France to declare war on Germany, & then began the war, because German invasions continued more of the countries declared war on the Germans & their allies which caused a international response of war -
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Volunteerism in WW2 (Red Cross)
At Home:
-Began blood donor services in America to produce live saving plasma for the Armed Forces, saved in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected scrap, run victory gardens, & maintained training programs.
Overseas:
-Became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe, served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs, and were attend to military hospital -
George Marshall
-Throughout the war, general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as chief of staff & the organizer of victory. He worked closely with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor, built up & supplied an army of 8 million men, & later helped to oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb -
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Allied Powers
-The allied powers of the wars were Great Britain, France, The soviet union, The US, & China. Great Britain & France had allied together after the German invasion of Poland, the Soviet Union joined in June 1941 to gain influence in Europe, China joined after the invasion of Manchuria, & the US had joined because of the Japanese bombing of pearl harbor -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter, & jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
M1 Semi Automatic Rifle & Radar
-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their Germans & Japanese counter parts
-Battles were won by the side that was first spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines. the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
Lend Lease Program
-Purpose: Franklin Roosevelt introduced the lend lease program to congress
-It was intended to help Britain beat back Hitler's advance while keeping America only indirect involved in ww2
-Results: lend lease program provided for military did to any country whose defense was vital to the security of the united states
-Effect: lend lease program was the principle way to get out of the great depression -
Rosie the Riveter
-Was a cultural icon during WW2 representing women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulations as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them with interest after 10 years or more
-Gov. needs $ to pay for war equipment -
Pearl Harbor
-2 waves of Japanese airplanes attacked the US pacific fleet stationed in pearl harbor
-Attack & sunk 18 US ships
-damaged 260 airplanes
-Killed & injured 6,000 Americans
-Famous quote " a date which will live infamy the US of america was suddenly & deliberately attacked by naval & air forces of the empire of Japan" -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the US surrender of the Bataan peninsula
it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers
-Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps, where thousands died from diseases, mistreatment & starvation -
Battle of Midway
-The battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive US victories against Japan
-The US inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy
-This was the turning point of US against Japan -
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Island Hopping
-Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied power's because they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of " Island Hopping "
-Fought between August 1942 to February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinquish the island -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort, the gov. rationed food like sugar,butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods
-The gov. turned to its citizens %& encouraged them to plant "victory gardens" -
Executive order 9066
-Was a US presidential executive order signed & issued during world war 2 by president FDR
-The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the west vaguely identified as military areas
-9066 Affected Italian & German Americans, the largest numbers of detainees were by far Japanese
-This order permitted military commanders to require Japanese Americans to relocate to interior internment camps away from western coastal regions -
Higgins Boat
-Higgins boat were a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in WW2. The crafts were design by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
Bernard Montgomery
-Senior British army officer in the African & European war
-Commanded the British 8th army & 21st army during the euro campaign
-Was over all British troops on June 6, 1944 "D-Day" -
Erwin Rommel
-Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was one of German's most popular generals during WW2.
-On D-Day he discussed with other officers about surrendering
-Due to his ties to the plot to over throw Hitler, he was murdered -
Isoroku Yamaato
-Japanese Marshal Admiral & commander in chief of the combined fleet
-Played a major role (executed the surprise attack) in pearl Harbor which made japan victorious -
Douglas MacAuthor
-American 5 star general & field Marshal of the Philippine army
-MacAuthor was chief of staff during WW2
-Led the US Army in "Island Hopping" in the south west pacific campaign -
Chester W. Nimitz 2
-Was leading the US army authority on submarines
-He was the USA last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
-Admiral Chester was appointed commander in chief of the US pacific fleet just after pearl Harbor
-He commanded US forces at the battle of midway
-This battle halted the Japanese advance in the pacific -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the US Army
-He was in service of North America & Western Europe during WW2
-He then became general of the 1st American Army to land in France -
D-day
-Effected the war tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of Nazi domination.
-D-day was the largest air, land, & sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, and over 150,000 service men
-By the end the allies had reach the seine river, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from northwestern France, effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Korematsu Vs US
-Fred Korematsu a Japanese US citizens refused to leave his home in San Leadro, CA
-Court decided the nations security concern out weighed the constitutions promise of equal rights
-The Executive Order 9066 banned Japanese alien & non from the US
-50 Years later it was over turned by congress & an apology was given -
Potsdam Conference
-Participants were the USSR the US and the UK
-The powers were represented by communist party Joseph Stalin, Prime minister Winston Churchill, & President Harry Truman
-Gathered to decide how to punish Germany
-On July 25 Truman Churchill Chiang Kai Shek issued the position declaration which outlined the terms of surrender of japan
-Broke Germany into 3 different parts -
Nuclear Weapon
-President Harry Truman decided to use the Atomic Bomb against Japan. After bombs were dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki in August Japan Surrender WW2, in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
Women & Minority
-While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories.
-After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories, but the women didn't want to give them up.
-Spooring up the feminist movement.
-in the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time.
-When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial.
-Sparking up the civil right movement -
The US European Countries
-In the US the war happened after the great depression.
-30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war.
-The European countries were left to rebuild
-The US lended money to the countries, & Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
Fair Deal
-An ambitious set of proposals put forward by US president Harry S. Truman to congress in his January 1949 speech
-The term characterizes the entire domestic agenda of the Truman Administration from 1945-1953
-Recommend that all Americans have health insurance & that minimum wage be increased, and that by law all Americans be guaranteed equal rights