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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
an investigative commitee of the U.S. House of Representatives created in 1938 to inquire into rebellious activities in the U.S. (it was ABOLISHED in 1975).
in the mid-1940s, the committee focused its investigations on searching for communists in the United States
Most famous for investigating Alger Hiss and for the "blacklisting" of many Hollywood actors
Often inaccurately associated with Joseph McCarthy who was a senator (not a member of the House) -
2nd Great Migration
migration of 5 million african americasn from south and from the north to the midwest and west
Moved from discrimination and for jobs in the defense industry
they went to cities like Los Angeles, Oakland, and long beach -
G.I Bill established
wanted to create benefits and jobs for soldiers coming back from World War 2
benefits: low cost mortage, start up loans for businesses, low interest loans, payed soldiers to go to college
economy: was greatly improving in the US with the Help of the G.I Bill -
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ArmsRace
major superpowers: United States of America , Great Britain, the Soviet Union and France details: Both countries had nuclear weapons and was creating more to be = to each other civilian response: the schools made the students practice duck and cover in school to protect from falling debris and the bomb shelters were set up to protect people from missiles (NUKE WAR) mutually assured destruction ( have enough to destroy your country) and every other country in the world -
Post dam Conference
free elections would be passed soon after differences began to emerge
they agreed on the Foundation of the United Nations, and that Germany would be divided into 4 zones occupied by Russia,UK,US and france -
Period: to
BABY BOOM!
an increase of American popuplation occured after WWII and the Korean War
by the end of the 1940s 3.4 million babies were born
war stricken men wanted to see their wives and tiered of taking lives now wanted to create a life after the war in marriages and general prosperity came a demand for housing,federal highway construction,new industries,and increased military spending all of which helped create jobs
mass production of home in the SUBURBS -
Truman Doctrine
purpose: The U.S. made the policy to help stop the spread of communism and keep communism contained , was created to free a smaller country from bigger force (communists) cotainment policy: is to stop the spread of communism to other countries domino theory: if one state came under communism the rest would follow -
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COLD WAR
cold war started with the Truman Doctrine and ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall -
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Berlin Airlift
during the communist blockade of west berlin, british and U.S planes flew humanitarism and Airlifts supplies into Berlin for nearly a year
American and British flew over 200,00 w. 4700 tons of necessities to the people of West Berlin, Berlin airlift brought embarrassment to the soviets May 1949 and resulted in the creation of two separate German states
needed to fly everything in b/c of russia -
Marshall Plan
in 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic program to contain communism
His Marshall Plan supported Economic Aid to Europe and generated increased trade between the United States and European Nations
Marshall received the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for the plan -
North Atlantic treaty Organization (NATO)
purpose: safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means
why it was created: protect each other from the Sovet Union
members: US , UK Canada , and 9 other Western European Countries
stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
soviet response: they tried to expad and made the Warsaw Pact (defense treaty among eight communist states) -
Air Conditioning
Modern A/C invented in 1902 but not put to widespread use until after WW11
Used 1st in a theater in South use od TV A/C & cars killed the use of front pourch gatherings ad drove up the use of electricity
Jobs and people migrated to the South b/c of the use of A/C (people can escape the southern heat)
with more jobs and people in the south A/C helped boosted the economy -
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Korean War
causes: After WW11 communist North Korea invaded South Korea United States fighting the Soviets in Korea
Results a treaty divided the Penninsula along the 38th parallel
when Norht Korea turned communist cease fire today it is the most guarded border-truman doctrine: stopped the spread to other countries
created more friction w Russia and USA
DOMINO THEORY -
Senate Hearings led By Joseph McCarthy
RED SCARCE II also McCarthyism
term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block in 1950 cartoon in reference to Senator Joseph McCarthy
the fear of communism (a second Red Scare) increased throughout the 1950s
extreme opposition to communism gained the name
McCarthyism from the efforts of Senator McCarthy in 1950 announced that communists worked in the State Dept He identify known communists and accused others due to 1000's falsely accused he lost the senators race -
Sputnik Launch ( RUSSIA)
important to the US: Sputnik launch ignites United States - Soviet space race president of the US: Dwight Eisenhower ( wwii general)
head of soviet union: Nikita Krushcev -
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Space Race
national security reaons and symbolism
began with the Launch of Sputnik (RUSSIA) response to Sputnik: America tried to get the first man on the moon and beat the soviet union in the space race effects on education and technology: people were more interested in learning about space and going to space technology
Led to the creation for NASA -
Creation of NASA
importance to the US: was the first space program made by the US after Russia launched the 1st space craft (sputnik) US also pushed for more MATH & SCIENCE education in school people: Pres. Eisonhower -
Berlin Wall
in 1961 the soviet backed the East German Gov
(GDR) began constructing a fence to halt the flow of human resources from East to the West, the wall was a symbol of the division of east and west for the remainder of the cold war until it was taken down in 1989. Iron Curtain;phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe between communist and democratic nations -
President Kennedy MOON SPEECH
we choose to go to the moon speech
meant to persuade American people to support the effort of NASA to send a manned space flight to the moon -
Friendship 7
importance to America: first succesful attempted by NASA to place an astronoaut in space people : John Glenn -
Cuban Misile Crisis
during the October 1962 crisis, president John F. Kennedy warned Soviet leader Nikita-Khrushcev that an attack launched on the United States from misiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the soviet union
In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test ban treaty with the Soviets
Direct communication between the White House and Kremlin was enacted so the nations leaders could communicate in times of crisis
creates a nuclear test band b/w Kennedy and the Kremlin -
Rock N' Roll
a form of popular music evolved in 1950s from rhythm and blues; characterized by the use of electric guitars, a strong rhythm with an accent on the offbeat and youth oriented lyrics it characterized a generatiopnal -
Order of Spacerace
- Launching of Sputnik
- Increase in Science&Math in school education
- President Kennedy does the "MOONSPEECH" and USA goes to the Moon 4.************* Soviet&American space missions*********************