WWI & Russian Revolution

Bloody Sunday

Jan 22, 1905

http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/bloody-sunday-1905/ This event took place in St Petersburg with an organised demonstration of 150,000 workers. This large demonstration was led by Father Georgi Apollonovich Gapon, he was an Orthodox priest. The demands increased which caused a riot and russian forces opened fire on the demonstrators which caused about 200 dead, and almost 800 wounded

The October Manifesto

Oct 30, 1905

http://russiapedia.rt.com/on-this-day/october-17/ This Manifesto was passed by Tsar Nicholas II in response to the Russian Revolutions of 1905. Significant because it marks a constituional monarchy, this manifesto granted civil liberties. It calmed the revolutionaries of 1905.

Fundamental Laws of 1906

May 6, 1906

http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/excerpts-fundamental-laws-1906/ The Fundamental Laws were by Tsar Nicholas II, they were important because it helped satisfy the Russian people to carry out the government reforms that he once said in his October Manifesto. To also have his State Council and also enforce the State Duma.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assasinated

Jun 28, 1914

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/duke.htm As Archduke Franz Ferdinand parades through Sarejevo, Bosnia he and his wife are assasinated by Gravilo Princip, this ignites Austria-Hungary. Very significant because this leads to many conflicts and sparks the thought of a war. Otto von Bismark once said, "One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans.".

Austia-Hungary declares war on Serbia

Jul 28, 1914

http://www.thenation.com/article/july-28-1914-austria-hungary-declares-war-on-serbia-sparking-the-first-world-war/ This is very significant because this officially starts the war, and after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Austria-Hungary finally declares war. This right here is the beginning.

Battle of Marne

Sep 5, 1914

http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/marne1.htm This was the first war of the World War and where we first see Trench Warfare being used. Trench Warfare is very important because it was the most modern battle tactic at the time and left conflicts on the battleground. This war was won by the Allied Powers of Germany!

The second Battle of Ypres

Apr 22, 1915

http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/battles-and-fighting/land-battles/second-ypres/German soldiers shocked the French and Canadian's when they introduced a new chemical weapon into the battle in what is a poisonous chlorine gas. This gas was released in French trenches causing many deaths, and a new threat in the war. This was the start of new chemical gasses and weapons, even gas masks were used as part of the soldiers battle uniform.

Sinking of the RMS Lusitania

May 7, 1915

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snpwwi2.htm The British RMS Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-boat (submarine) and killed 1,100 passengers and among those were 120 americans. Many countries saw this attack devastating and public opinion quickly went against the Germans.

Tsar Nicholas II in supreme command

Sep 5, 1915

http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/russia_tsarincommand.htm Tsar Nicholas II takes full supreme command and takes control over Russians army as commander-in-chief.

Battle of Loos

Sep 25, 1915

http://www.ww1battlefields.co.uk/others/loos.html This battle took place on the Western Front, and the biggest British attack of 1915. This was the first time the British used poisonous gas also their New Army units. The battle resulted in a German victory though, claiming many Brithish lives.

Tsar Nicholas executed

Nov 16, 1915

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303962304577508570717420772 In the city of Yekaterinburg, Russia. Tsar Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolseviks. This is very big because Russia's citizens were waiting for this moment, the public's opinon to his reign was bad and not recognized.

Battle of Verdun

Feb 21, 1916

http://www.wereldoorlog1418.nl/battleverdun/index.htm#sum
Mostly significant because it was the longest battle of World War I and even the bloodiest claiming an estimated 700,000 casualties. It was the Germans against the French in the largest battle of the war. If the Germans would've won this battle it could've resulted to them winning the war fully, although the French come out victorious beating the German troops.

Government takes charge

Feb 29, 1916

http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/labour_movements_trade_unions_and_strikes_russian_empire The Putilov Factory was the site of a massive stike, on this day the government conscripts the workers and takes full charge of the production. Many revolutionaries saw this as a warning of what exactly the governement can do.

Battle of Jutland

May 31, 1916

http://www.battle-of-jutland.com/ Battle took place in the North Sear off the coast of Denmark's Justland Peninsula. We see a more modernized naval warfare, and largest naval battle. This was the only battleship battle of the war, with strategies from the British Grand Fleet getting them a victory against the German High Seas Fleet.

The Battle of the Somme

Jul 1, 1916

http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/battles/battles-of-the-western-front-in-france-and-flanders/the-battles-of-the-somme-1916/</a> This battle was located near the Somme River in France. It became the deadliest, the first day alone 585 were killed or wounded in a space of 20 minutes, and it showed the horrors of warfare. The territorial gain was little with a large amount of death. We see the first tanks being used in this Franco-British offensive battle, another reason why it's so significant.

Rasputin is Murdered

Dec 30, 1916

http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/rasputin2.htm Grigory Efimovich Rasputin, was known for healing and prediction. He traveled all over and many saw him as a holy man, others saw different and despised Rasputin. He claimed he had healing powers and did all this work, many attempted to kill him, it took Prince Felix Yusupov to murder him.

The Zimmerman Telegram

Jan 19, 1917

https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/zimmermann/ This Telegram was to warn the U.S. that Germany and Mexico had an alliance, that Mexico would get back it's territory from the U.S. this would warn them to get into the war and support the Allies.

February Revolution

Mar 8, 1917

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/russian-revolution-the-february-revolution-1917.html Large amount of riots over the scarcity of food and rationing, strikes and protestors in St. Petersburg demand food, 90,000 on strike and clashing against the police not leaving, later troops opened fire against the demonstrators and killing many. This sparked even more poeple.

Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates

Mar 15, 1917

V\http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/ndiaries1917.html The Tsar is forced to abdicate his position, many were against his ruling as Tsar, and all sought to take him out. Revolutionaries later execute him and his family.

The U.S. declares war on Germany

Apr 6, 1917

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/wilsonwar.htm After the Zimmerman Telegram and the sinking of the RMS Lusitania killing over a hundred Americans it was clear to see that the U.S. would soon come into war and be part of the Allies against the German and Central Powers.

The Battle of Passchendaele

Jun 30, 1917

http://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/battles-and-fighting/land-battles/passchendaele/ This battle was also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, this battle took place on the Western Front in Belgium between the Allies and the Germans, this resulted in many casualties.

The July Days

Jul 16, 1917

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/russia/october/revision/3/ During tha July Days workers and soldiers conduct armed demonstrations against the provisional government, dangereous outbreaks amond the protestors cause many injured in this time and confusion.

October Revolution

Oct 24, 1917

http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSnovemberR.htm The October Revolution or nickna,e Red October were by the Bolshevik's to seize power in Russia, they attack the Winter Palace and all this led by Lenin who make plans for a new Soviet governemnt. The Second Congress of Soviets.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Jan 8, 1918

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=62 President Woodrow Wilson presented these Fourteen Points so that world peace could began with an outline of principles of peace. He even included the League of Nations in his Fourteen Points so that future conflicts can be solved in a meeting, that peace negotiations can start.

Russian Constituent Assembly

Jan 18, 1918

http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/constituent-assembly/ This assembly was formed to discuss the issues with the revolutions and the people of their country. The elected body were to form a new constitution, this assembly only met once because it was later dismissed by the Bolshevik government.

Change in Calender

Feb 14, 1918

http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/julian-gregorian-switch.html With the rising power of the Bolshevik's they convert the Julian calender used in Russia to the Gregorian calender, this is significant because all other nations also used the Gregorian calender, now the dates align.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Mar 3, 1918

http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1917-2/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/ This treaty was a peace treaty between Bolshevik and the Central Powers, this treaty was to be out of World War I so that they can also reflect and handle their situation internally in their own country and to not have problems witht he Central Power nations.

Capital moves to Moscow

Mar 11, 1918

https://www.quora.com/Why-did-the-Russian-capital-change-to-Moscow-from-St-Petersburg The capital of Russia was for so long at St. Petersburg since 1712 by Peter, but then moved to Moscow a strategy by Lenin because St. Petersburg were bording with anti-Soviet armies and other foes against Russia, only right to move it.

Armistice Signed

Nov 11, 1918

http://www.tenfactsabout.co.uk/0002armistice.htm This was an agreement signed to end fighting and began the process of peace in Europe. This was signed in Ferdinand Foch's railway, It was signed on the 11th month, the 11th day, the 11th hour, and the 11th minute.

The Treaty of Versailles

Jun 28, 1919

https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005425 This treaty officially ended World War I, signed in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. This treaty meant that Germany would give up land in Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and West Prussia. Germany were to pay an estimated $33 Billion for the reparation of the war and all its damages.