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Proclamation of 1763
After the 7 Years War, Britain acquired new land but created a border using the Appalachian Mountains to ease the tensions of the Natives that lived there. Also due to the war, Britain got more involved in the colony territories and ended the benign neglect that the colonists had for so long. This angered many of the Colonists as they saw it as their right to go past the line as they had helped win the war with France. All of which was the beginning of resentment toward the British. -
Sugar Act
To stop any further smuggling by the colonists, the British released the Sugar Act which dropped foreign molasses from six to three pence per gallon. Also adding taxations to sugar and molasses in the first place. As well as prohibiting foreign rum importation, lumber, etc. Meanwhile, the colonists were angered as they were being taxed without any representation and to rebel against it they continued to smuggle goods, including bigger businesses. -
Quartering Act
To punish and find any evidence of mutiny or rebellion led to the creation of the Quartering Act. This allowed any British soldiers to enter any colonist's home without the permission of the owner and stay and be provided food, water, and any other resource available without question and investigate wherever. This made the colonists enraged and began protesting. -
Boston Massacare
As a sign of discontent and anger, five colonists started confronting the British soldiers who were posted in Boston. They started throwing sticks and snowballs till one got hit by a rock which had them start firing and killing multiple men and a former slave. Although, all were pardoned and without any consequences, further angering the colonists and -
Boston Tea Party
Due to another taxation on the colonies a group of people called "The Sons of Liberty" took it upon themselves to dump the tea on ships into the ocean while disguising themselves as Indians. The king saw it as an act of treason, and eventually led to the Intolerable Acts which mainly punished Massachusetts while using it as an example of betrayal. As well as what set the base for the American Revolution. -
Thomas Paine starts writing common sense/pamphlets
Although not published till 1776, Thomas Paine started writing in the word of the common tongue of the people to rally them and encourage resistance against the British. As well as other pamphlets he created to help the soldiers stay in the war and start moral support. As well as to reach the masses of the people due to his common text in the writings. He also supported and wrote for the idea of independence from the British and having their very own sort of government. -
Battle of Trenton 1776
After long and brutal fights, the army Washington had led suffered in the cold and with low morale, marched forth in the brutal winter toward a group of German mercenaries hired by the British and were settled in Trenton. On Christmas evening, he led his army across the frozen Deleware River and attacked while the Germans had their guard down leading to their first victory. As well as boosting the morale of the American troops to a high point and renewed confidence in Washington as a general. -
Battle of Saratoga
General Burgoyne, after suffering major casualties trying to drive into Albany waited for reinforcements in New York, but never came and got surrounded by the American army and surrendered. Once news got out to Benjamin Franklin who was in France announced it to the king of France and gained support from his army to the colonists including half of its navy which became a huge turning point in the war for independence. -
Battle of The Capes
After Cornwallis had tried to lure the American army into the British Navy fleet. However, when they made it the only fleet there was the French who had fought in a major navy battle to prevent the British fleet from passing the Chesapeake Bay and suffered many casualties though not as much as the British, and had retreated. This left the entire bay in the control of the French and prevented any sort of reinforcements to Cornwallis or any other army left in the colonist territory. -
General Cornwallis Surrenders
During the Battle of Yorktown, Cornwallis had attempted to fully defeat the colonists by going headstrong and capturing their general by leading him into a false sense of superiority by retreating to the bay where the British navy would wait, but upon arrival, it was the French that laid there and after much bombardment from both sides sent his second in command his sword to surrender. This fully gave the British no hope of winning the war and America had at this point a basis for independence. -
Treaty of Paris
In Paris, France, a representative of King George the 3rd and one of America signed a treaty that forced any British to surrender all posts in American territory, and payment for all debts before the war had begun, and have the Mississippi River be the western border of the united states. As well as officially ending the Revolutionary War and giving the colonists their independence recognized by the British. Also, the British gave up any territory in North America. -
Great Compromise
After much debate on representation, the larger states favored representation based on population while the smaller enjoyed equality, as a compromise they had decided that for every 30,000 people would be one representative in one house of the legislative branch and equal in another. Although the tension between the states remained especially with voting, but had calmed for the time being due to this compromise. -
George Washington's Election
While struggling to decide what leadership America wanted they inaugurated George Washington and chose as their first president by state legislators unanimously rather than a public vote. In his time he had put Thomas Jefferson for Secretary of State, Alexander Hamilton for Secretary of Treasury, Secretary of War for Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Rudolph. As well as keeping his political views unannounced to the public and setting an example of traditions for every future president. -
Hamilton's Financial Plan
Hamilton had proposed a financial plan with his first on January 14th. All of his propositions became a plan in which to assume all state debt, establish a national bank, import tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. He had hoped for manufacturing and businesses/industries to prosper. As well as to increase the power of the federal government which all were approved and implemented. However, it faced some opposition from Jefferson stating that it could lead to rebellion and saw it as unfair. -
Bill of Rights
The only reason for the ratification of the Constitution was the Bill of Rights which included ten amendments that stated the rights of all citizens in America which were freedom of speech and religion, the right to bear arms, no soldier to be put in homes in time of peace, protection against unreasonable searches by the government, multiple court rights, no cruel or unusual punishment, any right not listed belong to the people, and power only done with what is in the constitution. -
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin
Invented in 1793, Eli Whitney invented a tool that separated the seed from the cotton fiber efficiently and was patented on March 14, 1974. This started the cotton boom in America where many of the southern states grew cotton due to the environment being fit for the plant and bought more and more slaves to make the process of picking cotton much faster. It also led to America growing its economy and made the South reliant on cotton and slaves while also causing major debates about slavery. -
Whiskey Rebellion
Starting in 1791 and ending in 1794 was a violent protest against the taxation of whiskey in Pennsylvania by farmers. The reason for its end was the army of Washington had sent and he leading it had decided to start firing and shooting cannons, but missing on purpose to show the power the government has to uphold the law. As well as having any sort of protest become less prevalent while giving the government confidence to put in any more laws. -
XYZ Affair
After the handing of French agents replacing their names with X, Y, and Z which was a failed attempt at negotiation between the U.S. and the new French government for money. This resulted in the Quasi-War to prevent goods to be confiscated that were bound to Britain. It also split political parties and caused great tension between the two countries while starting to give Adams ( the current president) more paranoia and majorly affected his decisions for the country. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Due to the paranoia of Adams, he released four laws raising the residency requirements from five to fifteen years. As well as arresting immigrants, and deporting them during times of war. It also puts many limitations on speech. All of which due to fear of a war with France which had made many unconstitutional decisions eventually leading to people hating the government and power and the death of the Federalist Party once Adams's presidency ended. -
The Revolution of 1800
An election held between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was a sight upon the world as they were two different parties with vastly different ideas and were expecting to start a war once the results were revealed. However, once Jefferson was elected as president it went smoothly and without war so Jefferson called it the "Bloodless Revolution." This was also the first transfer of power from one political party to another which meant to the rest of the world that independence was possible. -
Dorothea Dix and asylum movement
Born on April 4, 1802, was Dorothea Dix. She eventually grew up and visited many hospitals and asylums where she saw how ineffective and cruel the mentally ill were treated. As well as to even went as far as to be in one herself to further her research into it eventually starting the Asylum movement. Which also leads to more development and better understanding of the mentally ill to help them. -
Louisiana Purchase 1803
During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, he bought land from the French in hopes of accomplishing his goal of a nation of independent farmers although it troubled him as he saw it unconstitutional. It doubled the nation's size and gave so much more opportunity to the people. He had also sent two people Lewis and Clark to venture the place and its details to bring back a better understanding of the environment along with maps. -
12th amendment
Made to prevent any ties with the title to the presidency, the 12th Amendment was created. It served to modify the Electoral College by having it appeal more to political parties. As well as establishing different ballets for Presidents and Vice Presidents which helped to prevent fights in the top parts of the government. As well as a way for Congress to fill offices if there was no majority winner. -
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act banned any foreign trade between any other countries to America. Which was enforced by Jefferson with the Navy that Adams had created and revenue officers. It was initially created to help further the development of the nation and be independent. Although it had backfired and hurt the economy severely, prices fell, and many jobs were lost including ones involved in shipping. However, in the years to come it eventually went into recession which helped the economy grow vastly. -
Abolished Atlantic Slave trade
Congress passed a law prohibiting any further trade from Africa for slaves. As well as allowing the Navy to seize slave ships and confiscate the cargo of said ships. Despite this, it wasn't fully enforced but did enough to prevent the trades. This left trade to be in the states and caused a major lean into wanting slaves to have kids so that plantation owners could further exploit them to work in the fields and caused larger families with slaves. -
War of 1812
Due to the imprisonment of sailors by the British Navy and issues over trade routes, America went into another war with Great Britain. As well as long tensions between the two countries that needed to be settled. Although it ended as a draw it proved that America could go head to head with a powerful nation and a treaty was signed releasing the arrested sailors. Afterward came the "Era of Good Feelings" giving political unity and national pride. -
Treaty of Ghent
After the War of 1812 ended, a treaty was signed that released the captured sailors as well as releasing the ships captured by the U.S. As well as to work against the slave trade. However, the event did nothing but regain lost men and gained no land that America had initially aimed to gain. However, it did prove to the world that America is a powerful nation and led to the nation focusing on rebuilding its economy. -
Second bank of the United states
Located in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, and was created to stabilize the economy of the nation. As well as to serve depository national funds and provide the government with floating loans. Also for transferring money across countries. This helped the wealthy but hurt farmers. It also kept federal money safe and confidence in American banks. However, it restricted all State Banks as well as helped fund the debt from the American Revolution such as bonds. -
Erie Canal
The largest artificial waterway approved by the New York State Legislature. This allowed many ships to travel and trade across the nation. This also made all trade faster and encouraged many people to live near the Canal which motivated even more trade. All of which helped the economy of the nation and encouraged the building of steam engine ships along with industries. As well as to further develop cities, especially in New York. -
Panic of 1819
In 1819 a financial panic spread throughout the nation. Major unemployment spread as well as failing banks along with falling agricultural prices. All due to the new regulations placed on banks and industries struggled due to foreign competition and inflation. As well as ending the "Era of Good Feelings." Not to mention the falling prices of cotton which heavily affected the lifestyle of the South. -
Commonwealth system
Created by the state governments was the commonwealth system which provided financial aid to private businesses. It also helped provide competition within businesses to further thrive the economy of the nation. As well as support for the construction of canals and roads. This also furthered the support for trade within the states and the development of businesses, especially in the North. -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Ogden was allowed the right to operate his steamboat service without any sort of competition however Gibbons ran a similar service with a license to sail. This resulted in a suing of Gibbons by Ogdne for a violation of the monopoly he had gained. Meanwhile, Gibbons tried to appeal to the Supreme Court however, they ruled in Ogden's favor. This allowed transportation systems to continue without restraint from the states. -
Election of 1825
Due to no one winning the majority of the election the decision was left to Congress between Andrew Jackson, John Quincey Adams, and Henry Clay. However Henry Clay left as he saw it unfit for him to be chosen unfairly due to his influence. Meanwhile there was a supposed "Corrupt Bargain" between Clay and Adams in which Clay publically showed his support to Adams leading to Congress choosing Adams as the president while leaving Jackson supporters engraged. -
Tariff of abominations
During Adams's presidency, he released a tariff that the people called the "Tariff of Abominations" which raised taxes on imported manufacturers to reduce competition from foreign companies/industries. The taxes were also raised by as much as 50%. This further the disapproval of Adams by the Jackson supporters and made the common folk angry. Especially the South as they saw it merely to support the industries of the North. -
Start of The Second Great Awakening
In 1830 came the revival of religion, but even stronger and more influential than the last expanding across a large period. The period had gained multiple movements and gave more reasons to fight for them such as temperance which saw drunkards be a sin and affected the families negatively as well as furthering the abolitionists. As well as a new outlook of Christianity where heaven is to be worked for rather than decided at birth. As well as forgiveness in one's self. -
Start of Mormonism
Founded by Joseph Smith who was initially confused about what denomination to follow. They did not believe in the holy trinity and devised plural marriages. This angered many people and eventually led to Mormans being exiled trying to find an area to express their religion freely. As well as viewing Smith as a prophet while trying to establish a utopia. Eventually were ostracized in many areas and were kept from holding high positions till a woman in a very distant future. -
Nat Turner's Revolt
A slave who had believed God gave him a sign to give slaves freedom and saw himself as a prophet had gathered many other slaves to rebel. He and his followers got up and killed many white men making it the bloodiest slave revolt in American history. Despite all this, his revolt came to a quick end by the local authorities. This revolt made fear prosper in the South leading to less cruelty, though not as much, towards the slaves and stricter regulations against them along with some positivity. -
Department of Indian Affairs
Congress had established a bureau to deal with all affairs and situations with Indians. They dealt in unfair treaties and forced removals of the natives. As well as starting to rid the natives of their cultural identities through cruel schooling. As well as the Indian Removal Act of 1832 moving many to Oklahoma. All of which gave grave tensions between the natives and the Americans. -
Whig Party
In 1834, Henry Clay founded the Whig Party. The Whig Party favored the American System which supported protective tariffs and federal power. As well as major opposition to Jacksons' policies. During their time they dominated a major part of the politics in America and strengthened the central government whenever in powerful positions. However, they eventually collapsed and split over North abolitionists and pro-slavery Southerners. -
Samuel Morse and the telegraph
In 1835 the telegraph had been invented using a series of beeps in multiple combinations for letters to communicate across the nation. This helped with communication including in the military such as during the Civil War with quicker knowledge to tell of a battle's victory or information on the battlefield. It also prompted the expansion of telegraph poles across the nation while encouraging industrialization. -
Texan War for Independence
After Mexico had gained its independence from Spain, they had tried to get more people to venture into Texas which was a land of bandits and deserts. They set it for free land if people agreed to live there, not bring slaves, and swear loyalty/oath to Mexico. This enticed many people including Americans however, when forced upon taxes with soldiers grew resentment and eventually led to the self-declaration of independence in Texas. -
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis began a major depression dropping wages, profits, and prices severally. Most of this came due to the policies of Andrew Jackson and his refusal to renew the charter of the Second National Bank which also led to the closing of many other banks. This also left many people with useless currency unable to be transferred. Another factor was due to the major printing of money and many loans leading to high unemployment. -
Trail of Tears
More people settling in the territories created major tension between the natives, and the government was pressured into moving the natives into a secluded section with the promise of better land. However, all were forced and given very little to no time to pack and were forced to walk a long and horrendous journey. Upon arrival to the new territory, it was majorly different from their stationed and had to compete with other natives who already lived and had the advantage of living there first. -
Liberty Party
Created in Albany, New York, the Liberty Party was founded. Its main view was part of the abolitionist cause and many Christians joined including both white and black people. However, the candidate for the presidency never won, but its involvement gained major support for the abolitionist's cause. Meanwhile, some of its supporters were Willaim Lloyd Garrison and Fredrick Douglas who were major contributors to the abolishment movement. -
Commonwealth v. Hunt
A Supreme Court case deciding that criminal conspiracy doesn't apply to labor unions. This allowed trade unions to legally strike or take peaceful protests for wages to grow. All of which came from an employer firing an employee who had disobeyed a rule and feared a strike. Meanwhile, Justice Shaw on the appeal saw that it was not a conspiracy as it wasn't unlawful or illegal changing how conspiracy was used in the court. As well as legalizing the American labor unions movement. -
Texas annexation
Despite the fear of going to war with Mexico and the tipping of balance in the nation, America had decided to annex Texas into the nation. Mainly due to the pressure of the people especially after the Battle of The Alamo which gained many citizen supporters and citizens in the state to help. After the annexation, America went into war and dominated Mexico into signing the Treaty of Hidalgo which gave America even more territory while ensuring the safety of Mexican citizens who already held land. -
The Northstar
Founded by Fredrick Douglas, was a newspaper station that he named The Northstar for the same start that helped guide slaves to freedom. He used his newspaper to denounce slavery and fight for the emancipation of several other groups such as women. Despite the many oppositions from pro-slavery people, he maintained the survival of its purpose and writings. It also became a very influential paper in the abolitionist movements while showing the literacy of African Americans. -
California Gold rush
After the newly gained territory from the Treaty of Hidalgo, gold was discovered in California which prompted many people to pack up and head to California. Not everyone found gold however and were left stuck in California and working for the bigger companies that did find gold. In the meantime, business people went and provided supplies to the miners to gain riches another way and grew larger as time went on. Eventually led California to a debate on whether it should be a slave or free state. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention was held in Seneca Falls with its main focus on women's suffrage. It also included many influential women in the movement such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Caty Stanton, and Lucretia Mott. They also spoke of more cases of having more men in the cause as they held more influence at the time. This prompted even more people to the cause and further support for women's rights. -
Compromise of 1850
After a long and vocal debate on whether California be a slave or a free state came the Compromise of 1850. In the Compromise it was decided that California be a free state and abolish the slave trade in the capital of the nation while having the rest of the states be decided by popular sovereignty. However, it didn't prevent slaves in the capital itself but did calm the high tensions created by the South in the meantime. -
Maine Law
Due to the Second Great Awakening and the temperance movement Maine decided to ban the sale and manufacturing of all liquor. Maine was also the first state to have a total ban on alcohol. However, it was not fully enforced and continued to be a problem in the state. it did though encourage other states to have stricter regulations of alcoholic beverages and became a big win for the temperance movement and Christians alike. -
Creation of Republican Party
Created with the main belief of anti-slavery and without the expansion of it. The Republican party was also made up of ex-northern Whigs and quickly became the main opposition to the Democratic Party. They also sent forth Abraham Lincoln as their candidate for the presidency in 1860. As well as him being the main leader of the party. It also changed the Second party system into a third while the Whigs had collapsed. It also impacted the politics of many other candidates in the future. -
Bleeding Kansas
Due to popular sovereignty, the newly applied state of Kansas became a slave state. However, it was through fraudulent votes by pro-slavery advocates who took over most of Kansas through violent actions, killing and wounding many citizens. As well as both pro and anti-slavery advocates moved into Kansas to tip the votes in their favor. Also, the decision for it to be a slave state despite knowing most votes were fake created anger and major tension and disputes between the South and the North. -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
As Dred Scott's owner, Stanford traveled into the North in Illinois with Scott. However, with lawyers, Scott argued to the court that he was a free man as he was in a free state. Sadly the court declared that even if he was in a free state, slavery would still be allowed and legal. This outraged African Americans and abolitionists alike as this meant that even if a state were considered free states, slavery could still be within the state hence the rest of the country. -
Lincoln & Douglas Debates
The debates were a series of Douglas's speeches stopping at a different area by train which Lincoln skillfully used to his advantage to go right after him debating Douglas's opinions. This advantage allowed him to eventually win the presidential election along with help from the Republican Party. However, many in the South feared he would abolish slavery everywhere due to his political view so southern states decided to secede. -
Battle of Bull Run
After the South had seceded, Lincoln declared war upon the Confederates to unify the nation once again. The result was the first battle of the Civil War at Bull Run. Many saw this as an easy and short victory of the Union due to its overwhelming population and resources but despite its advantages, the Confederates had upheld a brutal and tough fight proving to the nation that the war would be just as brutal and bloody as the battle itself. -
Transcontinental Railroad Act
Lincoln, as a way to symbolize unity and bring everything closer together through transportation, launched two different companies to build a transcontinental railroad. This led to the Homestead Act given from the railroad companies for a certain price from the railroads being built which attracted people to work with the companies which continued westward expansion. There were also tensions between the owners of the new land and the natives as they took a large portion of the land. -
Battle of Vicksburg
Led by Grant was a bombardment of the last fort in Vicksburg and was a major turning point in the war. Because of its victory, it had finished the Anaconda plan by splitting the confederate into two while cutting off trade through the Mississippi River giving the Union quicker access into the South and attacking from all angles. At the same time, it boosted the Union's morale. It also gave Grant the recognition to be assigned as General and take part in major battles in the South. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Also said to be a Civil War turning point was considered as the bloodiest battle. Led by General Grant in a pincher formation and the continued loss of resources of the Confederate leader General Lee, eventually led the General Lee's defeat and surrender. Because of General Lee's surrender, it had practically ended the Civil War. As well as Lincoln's famous Gettysburg address for all the soldiers who had fallen in the War. As well as the eventual unification of the Union and Confederate states. -
13th Amendment
Established by Congress came the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery in the nation. Its effects left plantation owners in disarray because of the loss of their slaves and didn't have the money to hire wage workers. Meanwhile, with freedmen now looking for jobs came to a consensus of sharecropping where workers would get a home and crops to sell while giving some to the owner till all debt was paid off, however, plantation owners took advantage of the system and created a new form of slavery. -
Ku Klux Klan
A group of Confederate veterans had created for their belief in white supremacy. Their clan had contributed to many fear and violent tactics against any man or woman of color such as burning homes or land and death threats. As well as targeting abolitionists to lessen the movement for racial equality and involvement in politics. It has also lasted for many years to come especially due to their freedom of speech and constant revivals despite military supervision. -
Reconstruction Acts of 1867
Because of the fear of further rebellion and to ensure unification came the Reconstruction Act which divided the South into five separate sections for the military to occupy and supervise to ensure all laws were followed and no outbreak of rebellion. However, this only made the South a little more resentful, and only obeyed when under supervision. It also didn't allow any past Confederate leaders to hold any office or vote. -
14th Amendment
Passed by the Senate and ratified in 1868 granted citizenship to anyone born on American soil or naturalized in the nation which included former slaves. As well as equal protection under the law. Because of this the southerners stuck to obey these rules under the reconstruction but found innovative ways to still gain supremacy such as segregation of fountains, bathrooms, restaurants, and more. As well as plays such as Jim Crow to ridicule and downplay the freedmen without consequence. -
15th Amendment
Created for the right to vote no matter the race, color, or past servitude. This heavily satisfied past Southern leaders as well as African Americans for the opportunity to voice their opinions. The African Americans also took this new right immediately and lined up all over to vote. Meanwhile, took this opportunity to scare them off from voting while women were disappointed as the new amendment didn't include gender and could still be turned down at the ballets. -
Woodhull’s Speech
Woodhull, being a big advocate and supporter of female equal rights, dedicated a speech to how she loved the one right given to being able to be a free lover and to date whomever she wanted whenever. However, a recent scandal that involved some of her ideals got her alienated from the rest of the females and out of the movement. Despite all of that her speech remained a very impactful empowerment within the women's suffrage movement. -
Change to Gold Standard
After much debate with the other countries over what currency should be weighted by eventually concluded that gold be the new standard rather than silver. This included America which led to the Crime of 1873 which decreased the value of many things including the people who mined for silver before now suffered from the price drop. Also negatively affects farmers and those in debt who now need other means to pay back as well as the silver coins to be minted to be changed for the gold standard. -
Minor v. Happersett
Once voting was an option again Minor went to vote but was denied and turned around. She then took this to the court stating that she should have the right to vote due to the 14th Amendment, however, the ruling stated that the state had the right to limit the right to vote and that the amendment didn't include gender. This had many white and black females outraged but continued to fight for women's suffrage. As well as leaving it up for the states to decide to let women's suffrage happen. -
Munn v. Illinois
The cause of the case was a situation between the government and private companies. It dealt with Munn who was a private company owner of a grain warehouse, challenged the state of Illinois's right to regulate business specifically for the reason that the state had tried to control its price. The case was being held by the Supreme Court which eventually ruled in favor of the state to regulate business for the public's benefit. -
The Patent of the Light Bulb
In 1879 scientist Thomas Edison began working on a new form of a light source using electricity. Eventually, he was able to patent it in 1880 and revolutionized home life. With it now distributed to the masses people could now work later or some be up longer at night. Along with a new form of usage for electricity that lessened the usage of oil for things such as lamps. -
Pendleton Act
After the assassination of President Garfield by Charles Guiteau for not gaining a government job as he thought he deserved, congress passed the Pendleton Act. The act had established a merit-system for selecting governmental officials. As well as supurvising if they are quallified to enter the job. Its main purpose was to prevent the rewarding of the loyalty of same party memebers. Along with preventing a long line of possible corruption in governmental areas. -
Haymarket Riot
At Haymarket Square, there was a meeting for a union as a protest against police brutality. Unfortunately, there were rising tensions between them and the police. Then a bomb was set off killing six cops and blamed by eight anarchists. Due to the bombing, there was intense firing from the police and the workers. This riot undermined the unions from there forth and deterred people from joining them after the incident having labour rights coming much later because of it and lack of support. -
Dawes Act
Known as the General Allotment Act, the law gave authorization for the president to break up reservation land that was given to individual Native Americans. The goal was for them to become farmers and blend in with white society. However, the lands were unreliable and made the Natives very upset. Furthermore, their original lands were taken away, and thought the purpose was to destroy their culture and social traditions. As well as their original land sold to non-natives; furthering tensions. -
Ghost dance movement
This dance was a way for Indians to preserve their culture and unite with the dead along with a form of rebelling against the failure of the treaties made with the American government. They did this by having tribes unite and dance meant for co-existence, but the Sioux saw it as a way to drive Americans out. America feared it would escalate into an uprise against them. This was due to many tribes that united for it. So, the government banned the movement leading to rising tensions between them. -
Anti-Sherman Trust Act
The act was passed as a way to better the economy and drive competition, congress passed this act to prevent any monopolies. The reason was to prevent monopoly businesses from controlling prices across particular markets. However, it was largely ineffective due to the courts' narrow-mindedness with trade or commerce in the states. However, it was successful towards certain companies such as American Tobacco Company. -
Populist Party
Created from the roots of the "Famers Alliance" with a promotion towards the "Gilded Age" of economy. Eventually held a meet in Omaha where ideas where shared for their politcal involvment of reducing tarrifs and free coinage. They also focused a lot more on the people. Due to their influence they largely affected and developed the policies made towards economic and social. Although, they never managed to get a canidate as president as they never had enough support over the other parties. -
Atlanta Compromise
Promoted by Booker T. Washington was a speech for the black community to accept the white political rule and work in exchange for better education. As well as for due process of law. The compromise acted like a "double-edged sword" where it did gain some aid, but it did prevent some development of civil rights from being complacent. Meanwhile, once popular among the North and South within the papers, Washington became the most influential black leader and educated in America. -
Boxer rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was a peasant uprising in China. The group was against foreigners stating that they were making their traditions fade and began forcing them to leave. China then needed foreign support to put down the uprising. America was one that aided with military and financial support. Eventual victory weakened China while also strengthening the bond between China and America opening more opportunities for trade, peace, and negotiations, and possible allies when in time of war. -
U.S. Steel
Andrew Carnegie, owner of U.S. Steel and largest manufacturer in the world at the time had greatly stimulated the economy in America. He then proposed the phrase "Gospel of Wealth" which involved giving many donations and creating schools in the country. Meanwhile, its main purpose as a company did very well selling steel, to be used for infrastructure in buildings and bridges. As well as increasing the size of cities. Along with it strengthened transportation such as railroads and automobiles. -
Panama Canal
Began operation because of a negotiation by Roosevelt, a canal was built in Panama. The canal stretched all throughout connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The reason was to make trade with other countries that cannot be reached from being separated can now be possible. It was also in an area where the two countries wouldn't interfere with one another so trade ships could travel peacefully and a lot faster. -
Meat inspection act
Signed by President Roosevelt, it prohibited the sale of misbranded livestock and ensured they were slaughtered in sanitary conditions. As well as to ensure it isn't adulterated. Along with a series of inspections to ensure the laws were followed. They then passed it under the responsibility of the USDA and the FSIS. The reason for its creation was a detailed and disturbing passage in the book "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair about the horrors of meat packing. -
Model T (Ford)
In 1908, Henry Ford released a more affordable and available form of an automobile. This creation led to a reshaping of American lives including the distance people can live from their workplace without needing to walk everywhere. As well as industries no longer needing to be built near cities. Along with vacations, the American people can go further as well as joy rides as a pastime or relieve stress. As well as building up Ford's industry allowing it to release more vehicles to the public. -
Taft's Presidency
Taft, Roosevelt's successor, had tried his best to do things similar to that of Roosevelt. These include his environmental acts and big trusts. Although, unlike Roosevelt, he limited his power as president and differed in foreign affairs. With the affairs he had implemented dollar diplomacy, giving money to other countries as a way to gain favor. However, people criticized it seeing it as a waste of their tax money. Taft was also criticized for his for his inactivity and response to many issues. -
Standard oil breaks up
The many antitrust acts manifested by Roosevelt and Taft as well as Standard Oil's attempts to be a large monopoly led to it splitting apart. They also controlled over 90% of the oil refining businesses through cut-throat convincing. Yet, as a result of Rockefeller's attempt to become a monopoly when broken apart, so many businesses were able to remain and build up the economy of the U.S. and despite the actions, Standard Oil remained a large and powerful corporation in the nation. -
16th amendment
President Wilson implemented the 16th Amendment the power of Congress to issue income tax without having to identify and determine it off population. As a result, it was able to give more income to the government to fund the army, build better roads, and build bridges. This also resulted in the Revenue Act of 1913 which lowered tariffs and established federal income tax. Along with the lowering of excise tax. -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment changed the way of voting for senators. Unlike before, the amendment changed elections to be decided by voters instead of being elected through state legislators. This allowed the people more of a voice and aligned more with what they believed needed to be resolved in their state. As well as allowing a regular person to be elected as a senator. However, this opened the opportunity for possible corruption or bad candidates to be in control of the affairs of the state. -
Federal Trade Commission
The FTC was created to prevent unfair methods of competition as well as a way to "Bust the Trust." They did things such as preventing fraud or deception. As well as preventing anticompetitive mergers and antitrust laws. They also promoted consumer protection from any unethical business practices or products. It also aided in the power of the Pure Food and Drug Act with the inspections of misuse of labels and illegal business practices. -
Zimmerman telegram
Thanks to the aid of British intelligence was a telegram to Mexico sent by Germany. In the telegram were suggestions that if America had joined WWl, so should Mexico, but on Germany's side. In exchange, Germany would aid Mexico by regaining its lost territories from America. Due to the information being sent to America, President Wilson declared war and would aid the Allies and be a turning point for them in the war. 'Soon after Mexico rejected the offer especially after it became public. -
18th Amendment
This amendment declared the production and transport of alcohol to be illegal. As well as making it illegal to sell it. However, this did not ban the consumption of it or its possession. It also made the yearn for it even more as being seen as a right taken away or out of curiosity. Along with giving the opposite effect where even more would try and gain liquor from all around and find creative ways to hog it around such as disguised vehicles or hidden areas in buildings. -
Treaty of Versailles
Signed in the Palace of Versailles, Paris, was an outline of conditions for peace after Germany was the last remaining to surrender during WWl. The conditions were for Germany to take all the blame for the war, loss of territory, severe reduction in the military, and compensation towards the Allies. 'After the war left many nations including America in financial issues including Germany itself. As well as an issue over the Berlin Wall and the division of German territory to Russia and America. -
Volstead Act
The act banned the manufacturing of alcohol unless for the use of testing, religion, or prescribed by pharmacists. Yet, many people found loopholes in this act and would constantly take advantage of these factors. 'As well as finding creative ways to hide it using hollow canes, books, or cars which eventually led to the creation of race cars. Among other things, it was horribly enforced and authorities were able to be swayed by liquor. As well as the creation of gangs with leaders such as Bugs. -
Sacco & Venzetti
During the time of the Red Scare occurred the arrest of Sacco and Venzetti who were Italian immigrants and anarchists. They were wrongfully charged with robbery and murder with a gun and were eventually executed. However, during the case, there was insufficient evidence, questionable testimonies, and bias. Although, the people were outraged by the case and protested. Among the protests, many more were arrested thinking to be siding against the country, and fear of different political views. -
Immigration Act of 1924
The Act limited the number of immigrants allowed into the country by 2% of the country's population in 1890. As well as an exclusion of Asian immigrants. With it also came the creation of the Border Patrol to ensure non-authorized immigrants from Mexico. Some reasons for its creation would be remaining tensions after WWl as well as the need to reduce the number of immigrants that could cause an imbalance of job availability and possibly harm the economy. The act also showed America's xenophobia. -
Scopes Trial
A trial against a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, for the teaching of evolution by Charles Darwin. This was because it went against the Butler Act which prohibited teachings against the bible. However, the trial was used to test the constitutionality of the bill, and publically advocate the accuracy of Darwin's Theory. Initially meant to be taken to the Supreme Court, it did, however, succeed in having many states prevent the banning of evolution teachings among other scientific teachings. -
The First Talkie
The Jazz Singer was the first movie to ever be released with sound and synchronized dialogue. This changed the form of entertainment forever all the way to today. Now theaters no longer need to hire orchestras nor rehearse for the film. It also gave more value to the entertainment industry along with more people venturing off on their free time to watch. It also required better actors and better voices setting higher expectations of their employees. -
Stock Market Crash
This event, also known as Black Tuesday, was a major drop causing the Great Depression. What had led to this was possibly the tight monetary policies and curb speculation. This also led to many bank failures and drastic declines in production. As well as leaving so many people in debt and mistrusting banks. Employees wages were cut and jobs were lost. Moreover, the percentage of the homeless increased significantly, and major losses of property. As well as causing many businesses to fail. -
Dust bowl
After a series of over a series of poor agriculture practices and the removal of sod including severe weather conditions created the Dust Bowl. 'The event, during the Great Depression, had multiple major dust storms that went across the West. The result of the storms caused major property damage with it being filled with dust, livestock killed, and also some people killed. Along with major inflation on crops due to many failed farms. Which aided in the high prices of the Great Depression. -
Bonus Army March
As a way to compensate the soldiers after WWl, the government had promised a cash bonus in a few years. However, due to the Great Depression, the soldiers demanded their money to be received immediately. Also to get the attention of the government, the veterans marched in Washington D.C. As a response, tanks, soldiers, and tear gas were used on the veterans, and some were killed. This action caused a negative outlook on the government and the President and aided in his prevention of re-election. -
Glass Steagal Act
The Glass Steagal Act, signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, which forced commercial banks to resist investing in banking activities. The reason was to protect depositors from economic loss from speculations. 'Along with mainly being used to prevent a large-scale wave of commercial bank failures. Moreover, it was meant to rebuild trust between the people and banks, but failed and mistrust remained for years to come. As well as giving a little more positive view of the president. -
Social Security Act
Signed by President Roosevelt, the act would pay retired workers over the age of 65. However, its main purpose was to open more positions in the workplace so that more jobs could become available. As well as boosting the economy while at the same time decreasing the percentage of jobless people. However, not many had taken advantage of it at the time so the number of people without jobs remained. However, it did eventually further improve upon and is now used a lot more for the people. -
Butler v. U.S.
A Supreme Court Case where Butler challenged America; among others; to prevent the institute of tax on processing and floor tax with cotton. The court agreed with Butler stating that any processing taxes under the Agricultural Adjustment Act were unconstitutional. Yet, it also declared that Congress had the power to raise taxes for the welfare of the U.S. This meant that further taxation created under the power of Congress was concrete and couldn't be trialed against.