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1000 BCE
Hebrew Law denies Deaf Rights
-property rights denied to deaf-mutes
-banned from being witnesses in court
-special marriage laws for deaf-mutes -
355 BCE
Ancient Greeks Deny Deaf Education- Aristotle
Aristotle believed Deaf people were not educated. He believed people cannot learn without hearing, and he felt Deaf people became senseless. -
Period: 345 to 550
Early Christians see Deafness as Sin- St. Augustine
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Period: 427 to 237
Plato's Philosophy of Innate Intelligence
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Period: 476 to Jan 1, 1453
Dark and Middle Ages
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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
First Attempts at Educating the Deaf- Geronimo of Padua, Italy
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Period: Jan 1, 1530 to
Pedro Ponce de Leon is a Benedict Monk
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Juan Pablo Bonet
Juan Pablo Bonet wrote the first well-known book of an alphabet for Deaf people. -
Period: to
Age of Enlightenment/Age of Reason
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Period: to
Martha's Vineyard
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Samuel Heinicke's Oral Education
Samuel Heinicke was a German oral teacher of the deaf. He used "the German Method" to teach his students at the school he opened, which was the first oral school for the deaf in the world. -
French Sign Language Established by Charles Michel De L'Epee
Charles Michel De L'Epee was a priest and known as "father of Sign Language and Deaf Education". He published a FSL dictionary in 1788. He also established the first free public school for the deaf in France. -
Deaf Education in England- Thomas Braidwood
Thomas Braidwood opened 'Braidwood Academy' in Edinburgh- 1st school for Deaf in Britain -
Period: to
Deaf Education Spreads Around the World
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Deaf Education in Germany
Arnoldi was a German pastor who believed education of the deaf should begin as early as age 4. -
Deaf Education in Rome- Abba Silvestri
Abba Silvestri opened the first school for the deaf in Rome, Italy. -
1st American Deaf School Founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet & Inspired by Alice Cogswell
Gallaudet was an American interested in deaf education. He traveled to Europe & met Laurent Clerc. He also founded the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. -
New York School for the Deaf established
-founded by Reverend John Standford -
Pennsylvania School for the Deaf Established
-founded by David G. Seixas -
Kentucky School for the Deaf Established
-set into motion by General Elias Barbee -
Ohio School for the Deaf Established
-formed by the Ohio Department of Education for deaf and hard-of-hearing Students -
Virginia School for the Deaf Established
-established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly -
Period: to
Golden Age of Deaf Education
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Period: to
30+ Deaf Schools Established by Deaf & hearing Teachers from American School for the Deaf & Gallaudet
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John Flournoy Proposes Deaf State
John Flournoy proposed to Congress that there be a deaf state, with land set aside in the western territories to form it. He believed Deaf people could control their own schools and establish their own government. -
National College for the Deaf & Dumb Established by Edward Miner Gallaudet
-became only accredited facility for the deaf in the U.S. to offer college degrees -
Abraham Lincoln Allows Opening of Gallaudet College
Abraham Lincoln signed the charter for the Washington D.C. based college for the deaf. -
Period: to
Alexander Graham Bell Promotes Deaf Education
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Alexander Graham Bell Opens his Deaf School
-began his career as a deaf educator before he invented the telephone
-mother hard-of-hearing & father used "visible speech" method -
Period: to
Conference of Milan Endorses Oral Eduation
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Period: to
Deaf Players Make Changes in Baseball & Football & Rise of Oralism
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Helen Keller
-lost both hearing & sight at 19 months old
-attended Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston, Massachusetts
-graduated from Radcliffe College -
Women Admitted to National Deaf-Mute College
Now known as Gallaudet -
Invention of Electric Hearing Aid
- called the Akouphone -invented by Miller Reese Hutchison -gave hard-of-hearing people 1st real amplified sound -carbon-based microphone & batteries -heavy; had to set on a desk
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National Deaf-Mute College Becomes Gallaudet College
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Period: to
Deaf Employment Skyrockets
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Oralism in America is at it's Zenith
Only 15% of teachers are deaf at this time. -
Period: to
WWII Creates Need for Labor & ASL Becomes Known as a Language
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1st Linguistic Book & Defense of ASL as Language Published by William Stoke
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Phone for Deaf by Robert Weitbrecht
-Robert Weibrecht, who is deaf, invents the Teletypewriter (TTY)
-TTY allows people to use phone lines to call each other & type our their conversations -
Oral Deaf Education Labeled 'Failure' & Deaf Theatre Takes Shape
Congress issues the Babbidge Report on oral deaf education and finds it has been a 'dismal failure'.
-deaf people applaud report- believed it to be clear acknowledgement of superiority of manual communication & education -
Bernard Bragg
-deaf actor & mime
-co-founder of the National Theatre of the Deaf -
National Theatre of the Deaf is Established & Legislation at Work
6 people bought tickets to see 1st performance -
Bilingual Education Act is Passed
ASL is not included because it is not recognized as a language.
-1st introduced by President Lyndon B. Johnson -
Period: to
Total Communication Leads to Mainstreaming & Development of of Other Sign Systems
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Period: to
Signed English, Seeing Essential English, and SEE II Methods are Produced
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Program Captioning Introduced
-Caption Center at WBGH in Boston opens captions "The French Chef," the first nationally broadcast captioned program -
IDEA
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is re-adopted and amended to recommend that disabled students should attend schools with the "least restrictive environment." -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Disabled gain right to equal access -
1974 Census of Deaf Americans
National Association of the Deaf conducted census of Deaf Americans -
Public Law 94-142
-passes, requiring handicapped children in the U.S. be provided with free & appropriate education -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Passed & Linguistic Research
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The Signs of Language Published by Klima and Bellugi
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Period: to
Silent Network Created
Silent Network was a Deaf Cable Channel that aired during the 1980's. -
Deaf Mosaic Begins Broadcasting from Gallaudet University Television Studios in Washington D.C.
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Cochlear Implants Approved
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Deaf Actress, Marlee Matlin, Receives Oscar
She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for Children of a Lesser God. -
"Signing Naturally" Curriculum Published
This curriculum was written and produced by Deaf authors: Ella Mae Lentz and Ken Mikos -
"Unlocking the Curriculum" Published
This curriculum was published by the Gallaudet University Linguistics Department. -
"Toward Equality: Education of the Deaf"
This book was published by the Congressional Report. -
'Deaf President Now' Protest Held
-Students & faculty at Gallaudet University protest selection of another hearing president
-continues for one week, with many rallies, press conferences, and marches
After eight days of student protests, I. King Jordan is named the first deaf president of Gallaudet University. -
Deaf Schools Termed 'Restrictive'
-1972 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is re-adopted & amended to recommend disabled students attend schools with “least restrictive environment”
-Residential deaf schools take this to heart, as they become labeled “most restrictive environment"
-Enrollment plunges & some schools close -
Americans with Disabilities Act Passes
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IDEA Passes
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1st Deaf Miss America Crowned
Heather Whitestone was the first Deaf Miss America ever crowned. -
Cochlear Implant Use Increases
Nucleus 22 device and SPEAK Speech Processing System (developed at the University of Melbourne, Australia) are the latest technological advances in implantation -
Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Releases New Captioning Rules
The FCC releases new captioning rules for the broadcast and cable television industry. -
Deaf Contestant Competes on "Survivor"
Cristy Smith was the first Deaf contestant on the TV show "Survivor". She wanted to raise awareness for Deafness & Deaf culture. -
Deanne Bray
Starting in 2002, Deanne Bray played character, Sue Thomas on the television show: Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye. -
Curtis Pride
Deaf Professional Baseball Player -
Marlee Matlin Competes on "Dancing With The Stars"
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Switched at Birth
The television show, Switched at Birth, introduced many actors and actresses on camera using ASL. The show also spread more Deaf culture around the world. -
Switched at Birth- ASL Only
The television show, Switched at Birth, airs an entire episode using only ASL with captions for the audience unfamiliar with sign language.
