-
Treaty of Paris
The USA was recognized as in control of a nominally in Cuba. Spain was also forced to hand control its other former possessions (Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam) to the USA. -
Monroe Doctorine
Stated that USA would not interfere in European affairs, but if Europe tried to involve themselves with USA's problems, USA would deal with it accordingly. -
Franco-Prussian War
Between France and Germany led by the Kingdom of Prussia. France lost, which was humiliating for them. France wanted to ensure that Germany never rose to power again. France also wanted to gain overseas expansions in order to restore their prestige. -
Scramble for Africa 1870 - 1900
European countries rushed to take control of as much Africa land as they could, available or not. -
Political Map of Europe Settled
Germany and Italy agreed to boarders within Europe. -
New Imperialism 1871 - 1914
Main characteristics: Geographic scope, maintaining peaceful relations, and involved new imperial countries.
New Imperial countries: USA, Japan, Russia.
Enablement of New Imperialism: Medical advancements, technological advancements, and opposition to slavery. -
Long Depression 1873 - 1896
Europe experience deflation, which increased industrialization as the price of goods was outstripping demand. -
Boxer Rebellion 1871 - 1914
China believed they were superior to other countries, which just led to them being unable to adapt to change. Asia eventually created trading relationships between Britain, France, Spain, Netherland and Portugal. European people found China's resistance to trade irritating. China defeated Britain in the First Opium War and Second Opium War. -
Britain Controlled Egypt 1882
Egypt government as unstable. Historians believe that Britain took over in order to establish power that encouraged other European nations to gain territory in Africa. This was a political move. -
The Berlin Conference
Countries were ready to negotiate rather than going to war. Organized by the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. It was designed to regulate European imperialism and trade in Africa in order to prevent direct conflict breaking out between European nations competing in the "Scramble for Africa." -
Treaty of Berlin
- Free passage should be given to all ships in the Niger and Congo rivers (African interior)
- Slavery should be abolished. This justified European imperialism in Africa.
-
Naval Defense Act 1889
Britain formally adopted the "two power standard," this ensured that British navy remains at least as powerful as the combined strength of the next two largest navies. -
Treaty of Shimonoseki
China was forced to sign this after losing the First Sino-Japanese War, ceding Korea, Firnisa (Taiwan), and a strategic military harbor known was Port Arthur to Japan. -
Treaty of Shimonoseki ('Triple Alliance Intervention')
Followed by the First Sino-Japanese War. Under the terms, Japan took control of Port Arthur. However, Russia actually wanted it. Russia argued the terms of the treaty stating that it would undermine the existing interests of European nations and cause instability in China. France and Germany supported this, and but diplomatic pressure on Japan to return Port Arthur to Chinese control. -
First Sino-Japanese War
China vs Japan War since Japan was gaining control over the Koran Peninsula. Chinese troops were poorly led, and no match for Japan's well-organized forces. -
Fadosha Incident
France and Britain clashed in Sudan, in which both countries wanted to claim it. This led to a huge argument, which led to both countries accusing each other of unjustified aggression. -
Spanish-American War
USA sent battleships to Cuba to protect US citizens who had been caught in the fighting. Maine exploded the Havana Harbour, killing 268 American soldiers. America ruled it as an accident and argued that Spain was responsible for it. -
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
Britain and Japan decided to adopt common approach to the problems posed by Russian expansion. Britain and Japan agreed to remain neutral if either country was involved in war. However, if there were two or more opponents, the other country will come to its aid. -
Russo-Japanese War
Japan warships entered Port Arthur and destroyed two Russian battleships. Russia fled, and on their way, mistook Britain warships for Japan warships, and began firing. Britain was upset, and denied Russian fleet to the Suez Canal. Eventually, Japan and Russia met. Russia's ships were no match for Japan's. Treaty of Portsmouth was formed, to recognize Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War. -
First World War
Began in Europe. Result of growing tensions between major European countries.