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343
Aristotle
Aristotle questioned nature and human beliefs/thoughts/knowledge. The created a method of arguing using the rules of logic. The was asked to tutor the son of Macedonia's King Philip III, Alexander the Great. At this time, he was a 13 year old who was eventually called back to Macedonia. -
370
"The Republic"
Plato wrote the conversations of Socrates as means of philosophical investigation. This story was about 3 gourps, not a democracy. There were the farmers, warriors, and the ruling class. The one with the greatest inside would be the king; therefore, a philosopher would be king. He only rivals were Socrates (his teacher) and Aristotle (his pupil). -
420
Philosphers, Sophists
They lost confidence and started to question their values. They are the lovers of wisdom. They questiones the universe and logic. Sophists questioned the beliefs and adeas. Protagors, a sophist, questioned gods. -
Period: 421 to 431
Peloponnesian War
Sparta declared war on Athens. Sparta had the advantage because of their great army. Pericles tried to aviod landfight and fight by sea. Sparta burned Athen's food, but Pericles brought outsiders and believed they could sail into port with food. The plague killed 1/3 of the Athenians during the second year. By the end, both signed a truce because they were both worn out. -
Period: 431 to 477
Golden Age
Athens grew in drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, archetecture, and science, They just had a growth in intellectual and artistic learning. -
507
Cleisthenes
Cleisthenes broke the power of nobility and broke the social classes into 10 groups. He also created the "Council of 500" which was a group of 500 citizens who created laws and ruled the government. He increaed the democracy of Athens. -
Sep 28, 621
Draco
Developed a legal code, which had a step toward democracy. He believed in equality of all the social classes, but the criminals were harshly dealt with. -
Period: Sep 28, 1200 to Sep 28, 1210
Trojan War
Mycenaeans fought a 10 year war against Troy. The king of Troy was believed to kidnap the Greek king's wife, Helen. These stories may be 100% true and might be one of the last Mycenaean battles. -
Period: Sep 28, 1200 to
The Dark Ages
The Dorians arrived after the fall of the Mycenaeans, which was a sea-raider attack. The Dorians spoke the dialect of Greek, but past relatives. They were far less advanced so the economy collasped as they arrived. They had no written records, leaving this as the Dark Ages. -
Sep 28, 1500
Mycenaeans meet Minoans
They meet through war. Mycenaeans adapted their writing and culture, which formed the core of religious practices, art, politics, and literature. They also adapted their idea of seaborne trade. -
Mycenaeans moved to Greece
This starts the creation of the Mycenaeans. -
Homer
Homer was a blind story-teller who told about heroic deeds, which was called epics. Greeks learned most of their history through story-telling. These epics of Homer are a source of mythology of the Greeks. They usually tell about the mysteries of nature and power human passions. His most well-known piece are the Iliad, Trojan War, and the Odyssey, traveling from the fall of Troy. -
Sparta conquered Messenia
Messenia was a neighboring city-state to Sparta. The Spartans demanded half the helot's crops, but they revolted. The spartans were outnumbered, 8 to 1, but still won. This made Sparta a strong city-state. -
Battle of Plataea
The Persians were defenseless and defeated, which prevented the conquest of Pelopennessus. The Greeks win and the Persians were pushed back until they were out. -
Battle of Marathon
Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles (Sparta to Athens) and yells "Nike!" to claim the victory of the Athenians against the Spartans. This builds the Athenians' confidence and shows the Arete of the Athenians. -
Thermopylae- Greece (vs. Persia)
Athens got burned by the Persians. Athens and Sparta start working together, starting the unification of Greece. The Persians, led by Darius' son Xerxes, were shown a secret route by Greeks who wanted to look good in the eys of the Persians. The Persians went to attack Athens using a phalanx, but failed with the "blanket of arrows" from two sides. -
Salamis- Athens (vs. Persia)
The Persians were lead to a channel as a trick by the Athenians, since they had a great navy. The Persian's ships were too big to fit, so the Athenians came in their small ships and punctured holes in the ships. This sunk 1/3 of the Persian ships. -
Solon
Solon came to power and wrote many laws that helped Athens toward a democracy. -
Tragedy vs. Comedy in Anciet Greece
Drama as art, started in the theaters in the West. wealtyh produced the plays, but only men were allowed to act. These included costumes, singing, dancing, and poetry. They were about leadership, justice, and the duties owned to the gods.Aeschylus wrote the Oresteia about justice. Sophocies wrote Oedipus the King and Antigon. Euripides wrote Medea. Finally, Aristotle wrote The Birds and Lysistrata. -
Socrates died
He believed in absolute standards existing for truth and justice. He encouraged Greeks to question their morals. He was forced to death by hemlock, a slow acting poison, for being guilty of corrupting the young and neglecting the gods. Although, this was good for Athens to think about their values. -
Period: to
Persian War
Persia tried to conquest other city-states. -
Period: to 461
Age of Pericles
Pericles was a wise, able statesman who was honest and fair. He was a skillful politician, inspiring speaker, and a respected general. He was popular through 32 years of Greece's Golden Age. His three goals were to strengthen the democracy, strengthen the empire, and glorify Athens. He increased the number of paid job so more citizens couls participate in government. However, he used the Delian League's money without permission to strengthen Athens and glorify Athens. -
Period: to 447
Phidias built Athena
He built this 30 foot tall sculpture all out of gold and ivory. This was put in the center of the Parthenon. This sculpture was graceful, strong, perfect, serene, human grace, harmony, order, balance, and proportion.