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Dred Scott V. Sanford
A slave named Dred Scott moved with Dr. John Emerson from Army post to Army post while his slave. After living in a free state for a while they returned to Missouri, a slave state.Chief Justice Roger Taney, this opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts.The Dred Scott decision overturned both of these legislative acts and made tensions even greater between North and Sot. -
13th Amendment
Declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States -
14th Amendment
The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. This Amendment contained three improtant parts that included The Citizenship Clause granted citizenship to All persons born or naturalized in the United States. The Due Process Clause declared that states may not deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law." -
15th Amendment
This Amendment's was passed by congress on February 26,1869 which granted African Americans to vote. It's purpose was to ensure that states, or communities, were not denying people the right to vote simply based on their race. This Amendment was not accepeted with open arms some residents such as the KKK began to terrorize African Americans and scare them away from voting. The KKK would also target and attack whites who assisted former slaves in their attempts to vote. -
PLessy v. Ferguson
On April 13, 1896: Homer A. Plessy v. Ferguson was argued in the Supreme Court of the United States. May 18, 1896: In a 7 to 1 decision the "separate but equal" provision of public accommodations by state governments was found to be constitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. -
White Primaries
There were primary elecetions in whcih when were held in Southern states only the Whites were allowed to participate. In order to keep African Americans out of the political process, the Democratic party in many states adopted a rule excluding them from party membership. It was later realized that this was a violation of the 14th Amendment, and it's Equal Protection Clause. -
19th Amendment
Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, this Amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote, and that they couldn't be denied just because of sex. Before this Amendment came about most everybody could vote including African American men with some exceptions, but women on the other hand were not able to vote ar all.By the Amendment being passed it ended all long what whe know to be a women's surrerage. -
Brown V. Board Of Education
• May 17, 1954 marks a defining moment in the history of the United States. On that day, the Supreme Court declared the doctrine of “separate but equal” unconstitutional. Brown itself was not a single case, but rather a coordinated group of five lawsuits against school districts in Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, and the District of Columbia -
Affirmative Action
March 6, 1961, the action has been both praised and pilloried as an answer to racial inequality which is significance to people who has been shunned based on their race. It states that you “not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin.” -
24th Amendment
The 24th Amendment was proposed on August 27, 1962, and ratified on January 23, 1964. It prohibits the federal government or the states from making voters pay a poll tax before they can vote in a national election.The amendment was proposed as a Civil Rights measure because southern states had used the poll tax to keep African Americans from voting. States would try to have Blacks and poos whites pay a tax, and athough it was a large amount it was just enough to keep them from voting. -
Poll Taxes
Allowed states during 1889 and 1910 to charge African Americans and poor Whites a small fee in order to be eligible to praticipate in any voting gatherings. This was a result after the 15th Amendment was ratified because it was very straightforward with dealing with that fact that you couldnt deny someone somthing just because of race. This wasnt agreed by some of the Southern residents so they fought any way they could to keep Blacks from voting and thats when they made came up with poll tax. -
Civil RIghts Act Of 1964
The Civil RIghts Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination, ended racial segregation, and protected the voting rights of minorities and women. Although these rights were first guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution immediately after the Civil War, they had never been fully enforced. It was only after years of highly publicized civil rights demonstrations, marches, and violence that American political leaders acted to enforce these rights. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment in the Constitution of the United States. A act that ruled out having to pass various test such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. This act allowed millions of minorities participate and exercise their free voting rights. -
Reed V. Reed
• Argued on October 19, 1971- Decided on November 22, 1971. was an Equal Protection case in the United States in which the Supreme Court ruled that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes, the 14th states that you can discriminate against based on gender and the court reasoned that "it thus establishes a classification subject to scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause” -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was passed by Congress on March 22, 1972 and sent to the states for ratification by both houses of their state legislatures. After the 19th Amendment was put into action this was the next step in confirming "equal justice under law" for all citizens. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
This case involves the admissions program to the University of California Medical School at Davis, and was argued
Wednesday, October 12, 1977. Out of an entering class of 100, UC set aside 16 spaces for students admitted through a “special admissions program” for minority applicants. Supreme Court on appeal from Date: Decided in 1978. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Argued on June 30, 1986, and decided on March 30, 1986. The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution does not protect the right of gay adults to engage in private, consensual sodomy. “Georgia law was legal, and that the charges against Hardwick would stand. The Court first argued that the fundamental "right to privacy," as protected by the Constitution's Due Process Clause against the states, does not confer "the right upon homosexuals to engage in sodomy." -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination and ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, State and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation -
Lawrence V. Texas
Argued March 26, 2003-Decided June 26, 2003. The Court of Appeals considered defendants’ federal constitutional arguments under both the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. Significance was invalidated sodomy laws in thirteen other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory.
