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Period: 78 to 23
affirmative action
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Dredd Scott v. Sandford
This supreme court case stated in a 7-2 decision that african-americans do not qualify as american citizens, and that the constitution does not apply to them. Quite possibly the worst supreme court decision of all time. Also, the majority opinion for this case is like a sentence long. -
13th Amendment
Slavery or involuntary servitude is not allowed. This does not extend rights to incarcerated individuals. -
14th Amendment
Equal protections & equal rights to all citizens of the united states. specifically states that states cannot infringe upon the rights granted by the 'tution -
15th amendment
guaranteed right to vote for african americans. specifically prevents discrimination from voting on the basis of race, ethnicity, or former term as a slave. -
plessy v. ferguson
created the seperate but equal concept. probably the second worst supreme court ruling all time. overturned during brown v. board -
19th amendment
guaranteed voting rights for any sex. Massive w for the women's suffrage movement -
equal rights amendment
proposed amendment that would guarantee equal treatment to all sexes. not added today, but some states have attempted to ratify it despite the time passing where it was able to be ratified -
brown v. board of education
ended racial discrimination in public schools. overturned plessy v. ferguson. Extremely controversial & required the national guard to enforce. -
24th amendment
prevention of both federal and state taxes on voting. prevents economic roadblocks to voting -
civil rights act of 1964
this prevented discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or ethnicity. -
voting rights act of 1965
prevention of racist measures to prevent voting. specifically things like literacy tests -
title IX
ended sexual discrimination in schools. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
created the system of affirmative action. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
supreme court says that states can restrict sodomy. Not homosexuality, but specifically sodomy. later overturned in Lawrence v. texas -
americans with disabilities act
prevents discrimination based on any form of disability. includes a wide variety of both mental disorders, medical conditions, and amputations. also requires accommodations to be made for individuals with disabilities. -
Shelby County v Holder
determined section 4 of the voting rights act is unconstitutional. -
obergefell vs hodges
Guaranteed right to same sex marriage. Guaranteed through due process & equal protection clauses. -
voter id laws
indiana has very strict voter id laws, requiring a photo id. current laws are very controversial as strict id might disproportionatelyt affect minority groups.