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French Revolution
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First Stage (1789-1791)
The first stage of the French Revolution or the National Assembly stage, lasted from June 1789 until September of 1791. It happened spontaneously when the Third Estate- basically the urban and rural middle class- declared their independence with the Oath of the Tennis Court,on June 17, 1789. VÍDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqWIqw-NzTA -
Meeting of the Estates General
The French economy was in chaos by the late 1780s.To raise maoney, Louis XVI decided that the people, should pay more taxes. But the aristocrats blocked Louis XVI's plan. In desperation, Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General to address the economic crisis. In fact, when Louis called the meeting, the Estates General had not gathered in more than 170 years.
VIDEO LINK: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-estates-general-meeting-and-the-french-revolution.html -
Formation of the National Assembly
The members of the Third Estate, led by Mirabeau and Abbe Sieyes, declared themselves the National Assembly, saying that they were the only group who represented the nation. It became an assembly not of the Estates but composed of "the People". Formation of the National Assembly inspired Parisians to storm the Bastille few days later. Citizens of France rose up against nobles and clergy. VÍDEO LINK: https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-national-assembly-of-france.html -
The Tennis Court Oath
The Third Estate suspecting a plot, they rushed to a nearby indoor tennis court. There, they swore the Tennis Court Oath, vowing to stay put until they had created a constitution that placed power in the hands of the people. This signified the first time that French citizens formally stood in opposition to Louis XVI. It also inspired a wide variety of revolutionary activity in the months afterwards. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNacY9uBsm0 -
Storming of the Bastille
About 600 angry Parisians successfully attacked the Bastille and took control of this symbol of tyranny. Storming of Bastille became a nationlist symbol, because they helped share a sense of belonging to a nation. It became a central part of their national myth because it said, "We are a nation. We can govern ourselves." It showed how the actions of ordinary citizens can lead to great change. VÍDEO LINK’http://origins.osu.edu/milestones/july-2014-storming-bastille -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
This declaration abolished traditional privileges.It established France as a secular republic. The 17 articles of the declaration set out these principles and became the basis of the new French constitution. It defined the individual and collective rights of all people.The declaration became the catechism of the Revolution in France. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtZVyhonjn8 -
Abolition of Feudalism
A small group of deputies prepared a suprise move in the assembly with the abolishment of feudalism. A few liberal noblemen, by prearrangement, arose and surrendered their hunting rights, manors, properties, feudal and seigneurial privileges. What was left of serfdom and all personal servitudes was declared ended. With legal privilege replaced by legal equality, it proceeded to map the principles of the new order of France. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLz2ccqRafM -
Women march to Versailles and the outbreak of the Paris mob
The March on Versailles, was also known as The Bread March of Women. Although the National Assembly had taken the Tennis Court Oath and the Bastille had fallen at the hands of the crowd, the poor women of Paris still found that there was a considerable bread shortage and the prices were very high. A hungry mob of 7,000 largely working-class women decided to march on the Versailles, taking with them weapons. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nh1C8QWMKko -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Constituent Assembly confiscated church properties and also prohibited the taking of religious vows. This document went far toward setting up a French national church. Under its provisions the parish priests and bishops were elected by 50,000 electors. Archbishoprics were abolished, and all the borders of existing bishoprics were redrawn. All clergy received salaries from the state, and the average income of bishops was reduced. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kj9eDVnVhE -
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Second Stage (1791-1792) constitutional monarchy
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MygvZVFc2gA -
Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee paris.
It was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family were unsuccessful in their attempt to escape, disguised as the servants of a Russian baroness, from the radical agitation of the Jacobins in Paris. VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhlNeoAh0dM -
Constitutional Monarchy
Louis XVI approves National Assembly’s new constitution, which establishes constitutional monarchy.
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJrkZE9NrKw -
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Third Stage (1792-1794) Reign of Terror
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5y7LveyR6DU -
The National Convention
The National Assebly is now called the National Convention and it split into two major factions, one the Girondins and the other the more radical, the Jacobins. Another political faction was gaining popularity, the Sansculottes, or those without breeches.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Convention -
The Committee of Public Safety
The National Convention creates the Committe of Public Safety, an assemby that governed France in its police state, and the Revolutionary Tribunal, designed to try citizens who were supsected of counter-revoluitonary activities. LINK: https://hitlerfinalsolution.weebly.com/committee-of-public-safety--the-reign-of-terror.html -
The Reign of Terror
In the Fall of 1793 Robespierre and the Jacobins began economic and political threats, but they turned it into the infamous campain of purging France of all Counter-revolutionaries. France became a police state. Robespierre censored the press. Robespierre became responsible for 800 executions a month.
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rydBM_6MvBQ -
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Fourth Stage (1794-1799) Directory
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5y7LveyR6DU -
The Cult of the Supreme Being
June 6th was appointed as the Festival of the Supreme being. This was after Robespierre made up and endorsed a new religion: The Cult of the Supreme being. On June 6, 1794, Robespierre appeared in a toga on a paper mache mountain, it convinced the people that he was no longer a viable leader. VIDEO LINK:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ufS1TBJjY -
The New Constitution
The Constitution of 1795 is ratified. The Constitution of 1795 established a liberal republic with a franchise based on the payment of taxes, similar to that of the Constitution of 1791; a bicameral legislature to slow down the legislative process; and a five-man Directory. LINK: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitution-of-1795 -
The Directory
After Robespierre's death, a new governmetn was established. Under the Directory, a three-chambered system with two legislative bodies called the Council of Ancients and the Council of Five Hundred, there was a system of checks and balances.
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2qM6BT5_NU -
Paris Riots
The new constitution caused riots in the streets o Paris and the military was called in to stop it. Conditions in France worsened as they neglected the people of France.
VIDEO LINK: https://www.coursera.org/lecture/french-revolution/5-6-the-settlement-of-1795-the-end-of-the-revolution-VLw1c -
The 1797 Elections
After the elections produced pro-royal and pro-jacobin results, three members of the Directory annulled the election results and removed a majority of new deputies from their seats. They also removed two people from the Directory, in order to ensure that the government would remain moderate. This happened again in 1798. Popular opinion of the republic dwindled. People were almost ready to embrace a monarchy again. LINK:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1797_elections -
Napolean Bonaparte
After France's misfortunes in war, Napolean returned. Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès was elected in 1799 into the Directory, but he didn't want it and instead planned a military coup with Napolean to topple the Directory. On November 9, 1799 Napolean overthrew the Directory, dissolved the legislature, and instituded himslef as the leader of his dictatorship. He ended the French Revolution.
VIDEO LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wXauVk7DXs
