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Albany Congress
Albany, NY. The British wanted the colonies to agree and to cooperate in defending themselves against the French. They hoped to form an alliance with the Iroquois against the French. But he Iroquois refused to form an alliance with the French because they expected the French to beat the British in a war. The colonial leaders also tried to work put a plan to defend themselves. -
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French and Indian War
Who- French/Native Americans vs. British/Iroquois/Colonists.
Why- Control over Ohio River Valley.
What- British win, France lost their entire empire. -
Tready of Paris
The war was in Paris and the people who were fighting were the French and British. General Montcalm ruled the French defenders and General Wolfe led the British attacks. At the start of the war British made little progress but at night they found trails allowing them to protest the city without anyone seeing them. In the front of the city the British defeated 4,500 of the French defenders. Then the British conquered Fremches 2 major cities and the French had to surrender. So the British won. -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act required all colonists to buy special tax stamps for all kinds of products. The stamps had to be placed on many things like newspaper, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, Comtracts and other documents. And once again everyone was protesting the Act. Merchents in New York, Boston and Philadelphia organized a boycott of British goods. The protest spread to every colony. Then the Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because the protests worked. -
Boston Massacre
One day in Boston a crowd of angry people surrounded a small group of soldiers and started to throw stones and snowballs at them in the streets because of all the Acts they've made. Then out of nowhere a shot is fired and then that's when everything bad happened. Some people are injured or killed. 5 were killed and 6 were injured. Only two of the soldiers were convicte. There punisment was to have there tHumbs branded. -
Tea Act
The Tea Act was intended to help the British East India Company, one of Britain's most important companies. They have made much money growing tea in India and selling it to Britain however the colonial boycott of tea hurt the company. The Tea Act lowered the price of tea by allowing the EIC to ship tea directly to the colonies. But some of the colonists didn't like that because it gave the EIC a monopoly. The monopoly hurt colonial merchants. The act was lowered but they still had to pay tax. -
Boston Tea Party
Some people called the Sons of Liberty organized in port cities to stop the EIC tea being unloaded. However Governor Thomas Hutchinson made sure that the tea would be unloaded. Sp when the first British ship arrived it unloaded the tea. On the night of December 16 1773 colonists who dressed as native Americans boarded one of then ships and for the next three hours threw 342 cases of tea overboard. They destroyed 90,000 pound of tea. -
Intolerable Acts
The Boston Tea party outraged the British government. Then the Parliament passed four laws that the colonists were so mad about that they called them the Intolerable Acts. The first one closed the port in Boston. Two others increased royal government. The last one cut the powers of town meetings. They also set the Quebec Act which set up a government for the territory taken from France in 1763. -
First Continental Congress
It was first held in Philadelphia in September/October. Twelve of the 13 colonies sent delegates. Only Georgia didn't send a delegate. They demanded a repeal of the Intolerable Acts and declared the colonies had the right to tax and govern themselves. They also called for a new boycott for British goods. -
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress took hold in Philadelphia. The delegates were Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock and Benjamin Franklin. There were other delegates from the thirteen colonies too. All of the delegates declared that they needed to prep for war. The first step was to form an army. They all decided that George Washington should be the leader of the army because he has had military experience and was well respected. They also printed money to pay for the war. -
Olive Branch Petition
Delegates of the Second Continental Congress hoped that Britain and America could restore peace. They sent the Petition to King George to stop the fighting between them. The Petition got its name because the olive branch means a symbol of peace since ancient times. -
Battles of Bunker Hill
Americans surrounding Boston wee farmers and workers and nobody knew if they would stand up to a fight against the British troops. When they went to battle the Americans killed hundreds of British troops. The British tried attacking 3 times and the last timed worked because the Americans were low on ammunition. The British won at a terrible cost. -
British withdraw from Boston
America seized the British cannons which left the British with almost nothing. Then George Washington placed the Cannons over Boston and the British could no longer defend Boston so they withdrew by sea. -
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Pontiac's War
The leader of the Ottawa nation, Pontiac, formed a alliance with the western Native Americans. Pontiac and his alliance attacked British forts and settlements throughout the area. British settlers got revenge and then killed Native Americans who have not attacked them. The British finally defeated Pontiac in early August at a battle area near fort Pitt. -
Proclamation of 1763
Britain wanted to avoid further wars with the Native Americans on the frontier. So then the British made the Proclamation of 1763. The Proclamation of 1763 banned colonial settlement west of the line of the Appalachian Mountains. Since that happened settlers were told to move to the east side of that line. The proclamation angered many colonists and the colonists said that they have the right to live wherever they wanted. The colonists ignored the Proclamation of 1763. -
Sugar Act
The Sugar Act put taxes on everyday normal materials. They put taxes on molasses mostly. If anyone caught smugglers steal these items they would have a hard punishment. But people who got away with it traded with Colonial merchants. They also protested these taxes. -
Quartering Act
Parliment passed this act so they could save money. The act required colonists to quarter or house, British troops provided them with food and other supplies. The colonists protested this act very angrily. Then once again the colonists complained that Parliament was violating their rights. -
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Five miles from Concord in the town of Lexington colonists wait fir the British to arrive. The British commander ordered the minutemen to go home but they refused. Then nobody knows who fired it but it was called the shot heard around the world. That turned everything around and started the American Revolution. The British killed 8 minutemen. -
Fort Ticonderoga
The fort was on the southern end of Lake Champlain. It also protected the water route to Canada. Ethan Allen lead the force and most of his followers came from Vermont. There were 83 men in his force. They crossed the fort at night and surprised British soldiers by ambushing them. Only 43 British troops surrounded the fort and surrendered almost immediately. The fort is important because it blocks the water route to Canada and the Hudson River valley. -
Invasion in Quebec
While Washington was training his army, 2 other American armies were headed to Canada. first one lead by Richard Montgomery and the second one by Benedict Arnold. Arnold had a terrible journey and started to have to eat boiled candles, leather and bark. They tried to attack but it failed.