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Period: to
Haitian Revolution
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Locke
All people are born with 3 rights, life liberty and property. -
Wollstonecraft
Women deserve the same rights as men. -
Voltaire
The Government should be separated from the church. -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu believed there should be a separation of powers so no one branch of government had all the power. -
Rousseau
The government has a social contract with people so they can back out if they dislike the government. -
Beccaria
The law existed to protect social justice, not to avenge crimes. -
The beginning of the revolution
"Slaves initiated the revolution in 1791..." The Haitian revolution was very complex as it involved many other revolutions going on at the same time. This relates to Lock, because the revolution started because the slaves didn't have equal rights. -
The slaves strike first
"Led by former slave Toussaint l’Overture, the enslaved would act first, rebelling against the planters on August 21, 1791." The slaves would control a third of the island by 1792. "Despite reinforcements from France, the area of the colony held by the rebels grew as did the violence on both sides. Before the fighting ended 100,000 of the 500,000 blacks and 24,000 of the 40,000 whites were killed." This can be related to Rousseau because the slaves were not allowed to get out of the govt. -
The Slaves Hold Strong
"Nonetheless the former slaves managed to stave off both the French forces and the British who arrived in 1793 to conquer the colony, and who withdrew in 1798 after a series of defeats by l’Overture’s forces." This event is also very similar to Locke's ideas because they were fighting for rights against people who tried to control them. -
The revolution expands
"By 1801 l’Overture expanded the revolution beyond Haiti, conquering the neighboring Spanish colony of Santo Domingo (present-day Dominican Republic)." They also helped get the rights for Santo Domingo which relates to Locke and what he said about every person having rights. -
The French capture I'Overture
"Napoleon Bonaparte, now the ruler of France, dispatched General Charles Leclerc, his brother-in-law, and 43,000 French troops to capture L’Overture and restore both French rule and slavery. L’Overture was taken and sent to France where he died in prison in 1803. Jean-Jacques Dessalines, one of l’Overture’s generals and himself a former slave, led the revolutionaries at the Battle of Vertieres on November 18, 1803 where the French forces were defeated." -
The French capture I'Overture
This event relates to Beccaria because they captured and tortured I'Overture until he died in prison. Beccaria said that law wasn't for this but to keep social structure. -
Haiti wins it's independance
" On January 1, 1804, Dessalines declared the nation independent and renamed it Haiti. France became the first nation to recognize its independence. Haiti thus emerged as the first black republic in the world, and the second nation in the western hemisphere (after the United States) to win its independence from a European power." When the Haitian Government was made they used separation of powers, which was Montesquieu idea. -
